{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:05:05Z","timestamp":1784009105785,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a first-level discipline, nursing plays an increasingly important role in China\u2019s healthcare system, and its sustainable development has become a key focus of current nursing research. The existing research on nursing discipline development is mostly quantitative analysis and lacks depth, failing to fully explore the experiences of nursing managers in practice and the influencing factors. This study adopted a descriptive phenomenological qualitative research design to explore the obstacles and promoting factors in nursing discipline construction and used Herzberg\u2019s Two-Factor Theory as the theoretical basis for the research design and result interpretation. The research results can provide multi-dimensional references for policy formulation, talent cultivation, and clinical discipline construction, thereby promoting the high-quality and sustainable nursing discipline development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to (1) understand the perceptions of nursing managers regarding the construction of nursing discipline, (2) assess barriers for nursing administrators in implementing the discipline of nursing on the unit in China, (3) explore how to promote the rapid and sustainable nursing discipline development in China. The study aims to provide effective theoretical support and practical guidance for future nursing discipline development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive phenomenological qualitative design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to recruit nursing administrators receiving standardized discipline construction training from a tertiary hospital in Nanjing. Semi-structured interviews were implemented for data collection. Colaizzi\u2019s analytical approach was used for qualitative data coding and analysis, and Herzberg\u2019s two-factor theory guided the interview outline formulation and subsequent theme classification into hygiene and motivating factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 18 nursing managers were interviewed in this study. This study coded and categorized qualitative data. Three thematic clusters were formed, covering eight subthemes in total: Hygiene factors: (1) uneven development of subspecialties, (2) irrational allocation of human resources, (3) lack of specialized nursing talent, (4) deficiencies in nurses\u2019 scientific research competency, (5) lack of sustainability in development pathways, and (6) limitations in multispecialty integration. Adverse consequences of deficient hygiene conditions: (1) low subjective initiative, and (2) low engagement in scientific research and discipline construction. Motivators: No effective motivational factors were extracted from interview data. All eight subthemes constitute critical influencing factors restricting the construction and sustainable advancement of the nursing discipline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the influencing factors and barriers to nursing discipline construction for healthcare professionals. While nursing discipline construction in China holds promising prospects, numerous issues remain to be addressed. A thorough understanding of the difficulties and obstacles in nursing discipline construction helped managers adopt targeted measures and advance the sustainable nursing discipline development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1796909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:37:27Z","timestamp":1784007447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influencing factors of nursing discipline construction in a Chinese tertiary hospital: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing University Medical School","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing University Medical School","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing University Medical School","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3969\/ji.ssn.2097-1826.2023.01.001","article-title":"Development status and prospect of nursing discipline","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mil Nurs"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32794-1","article-title":"Unleashing the full potential of nursing","volume":"394","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2035"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3761\/i.issn.1672-9234.2021.05.006","article-title":"Exploration of nursing discipline construction under the background of \u201cdouble first-class\u201d","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Nurs Educ"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.16460\/j.issn1008-9969.2022.06.020","article-title":"Construction of an assessment index system for nursing discipline construction in research hospitals","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nurs"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-023-00874-w","article-title":"What is the impact of integrated care on the job satisfaction of primary healthcare providers: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2024.104018","article-title":"Job satisfaction in nursing: a qualitative inquiry into novice and experienced nurses' perspectives","volume":"78","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Pract"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16043","article-title":"The role of healthcare leaders in implementing equitable clinical academic pathways for nurses: an integrative review","volume":"80","author":"Aspinall","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03997-8","article-title":"Career process experiences of male nurse managers: a qualitative research","volume":"24","author":"Y\u00f6ndem","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"148","volume-title":"Herzberg\u2019s Two-Factor Theory","author":"Herzberg","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-315x.2025.01.007","article-title":"The research of latent profile analysis and influencing factors of clinical nurses job satisfaction that based on motivation-Hy-giene theory","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nurs Adm"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2019.1606706","article-title":"Factor one, familiarity and frontal cortex: a challenge to the two-factor theory of delusions","volume":"24","author":"Corlett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1586\/erp.10.30","article-title":"Assessing and demonstrating data saturation in qualitative inquiry supporting patient-reported outcomes research","volume":"10","author":"Kerr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3870\/i.issn.1001-4152.2019.11.090","article-title":"The application of Colaizzi's seven steps in data analysis of phenomenological research","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Nurs"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.12464\/j.issn.0253-9802.2025-0264","article-title":"New trends and construction paths for the high-quality development of nursing discipline","volume":"56","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.159.3810.56","article-title":"The Matthew effect in science. The reward and communication systems of science are considered","volume":"159","author":"Merton","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.15302\/J-SSCAE-2017.02.01319","article-title":"Exploration on prominent problems and construction strategies of China\u2019s nursing system","volume":"19","author":"Pi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Eng Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.13912\/j.cnki.chqm.2022.29.03.19","article-title":"Construction of six-in-one nursing discipline construction system","volume":"29","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Health Qual Manag"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Recommendations for the Development of Interdisciplinary Research in the University of Southern California","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref22","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.16821\/j.cnki.hsjx.2024.04.006","article-title":"Analysis on talent training paths of nursing discipline in China under the background of interdisciplinary integration","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nurses Train"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000553","article-title":"Culture of interdisciplinary collaboration in nursing research training","volume":"71","author":"Levites Strekalova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70130","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70130","article-title":"Work engagement among advanced practice nurses (APNs) in Japan: the role of supervisory and organizational support","volume":"72","author":"Kubota","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.13621\/j.1001-5949.2021.11.1054","article-title":"Practices and experience of nursing post and performance salary reform in a tertiary hospital of Ningxia","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ningxia Med J"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6071","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16918","article-title":"Constructive resistance: essential to optimise workplace quality","volume":"81","author":"Hungerford","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0325278","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325278","article-title":"Stress and resilience of nursing students in clinical training during political violence: a palestinian perspective","volume":"20","author":"Aqtam","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104776","article-title":"Emotional management, empathy and emotional intelligence in mental health nursing: educational insights from a scoping review","volume":"92","author":"Moreira","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Pract"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23779608261450107","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608261450107","article-title":"Upholding care under constraint: moral distress, psychological trauma, and resilience among nurses in West Bank hospitals","volume":"12","author":"Aqtam","year":"2026","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nurs"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1796909\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:37:35Z","timestamp":1784007455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1796909\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1796909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1796909","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"article-number":"1796909"}}