{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:53:47Z","timestamp":1775714027362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH), particularly hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage, is a severe stroke subtype associated with high mortality and disability. A substantial proportion of these patients require mechanical ventilation (MV), and prolonged MV (PMV) is associated with increased complications and worse outcomes. While certain clinical and radiological factors have been linked to PMV in general critical care or stroke populations, evidence specific to patients with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage remains scarce, limiting early risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the incidence of PMV (\u226514\u202fdays of MV) and identify independent predictors in postoperative patients with hypertensive basal ganglia SICH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study (September 2019 to September 2025) included 173 consecutive adult patients with hypertensive basal ganglia SICH who underwent surgery and required postoperative MV. PMV was defined as MV lasting \u226514\u202fdays from intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Potential predictors were screened using univariate analyses and entered into multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors. Model discrimination and calibration were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 173 postoperative patients with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage requiring MV, PMV (\u226514\u202fdays) occurred in 55 (31.8%). In multivariable logistic regression, older age (adjusted OR 1.05 per year, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.07), chronic kidney disease (adjusted OR 5.46, 95% CI 1.91\u201318.43), lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (adjusted OR 0.82 per point, 95% CI 0.72\u20130.91), and intraoperative drainage catheter placement (adjusted OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.91\u20136.64) were independent predictors of PMV. A prediction model incorporating these variables showed moderate-to-good discrimination (AUC 0.779, 95% CI 0.702\u20130.856) and acceptable calibration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PMV (\u226514\u202fdays) affected approximately one-third of critically ill postoperative patients with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage. A model based on age, chronic kidney disease, admission GCS score, and intraoperative drainage catheter placement demonstrated moderate-to-good discrimination and acceptable calibration, and may support early postoperative risk stratification; external validation is warranted before routine clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1797872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:21:38Z","timestamp":1775712098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of prolonged mechanical ventilation after surgery for hypertensive basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Guangwei","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai General Hospital","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai General Hospital","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11010223","article-title":"Acute spontaneous lobar cerebral hemorrhages present a different clinical profile and a more severe early prognosis than deep subcortical intracerebral hemorrhages-a hospital-based stroke registry study","volume":"11","author":"Mendiola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-7-32","article-title":"Thalamic haemorrhage vs internal capsule-basal ganglia haemorrhage: clinical profile and predictors of in-hospital mortality","volume":"7","author":"Arboix","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182588293","article-title":"Neuroanatomic connectivity of the human ascending arousal system critical to consciousness and its disorders","volume":"71","author":"Edlow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092451","article-title":"Prolonged mechanical ventilation: outcomes and management","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02638-5","article-title":"Predictors of extubation failure and prolonged mechanical ventilation among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery","volume":"25","author":"Ho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.10.031","article-title":"Associations between perioperative fluid management and patient outcomes: a multicentre retrospective study","volume":"126","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06510413","article-title":"Respiratory considerations in the patient with renal failure","volume":"51","author":"Pierson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.47353\/jsocmed.v2i2.29","article-title":"Weaning difficulty in patient with end stage renal disease acute with respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema and pneumonia","volume":"2","author":"Bangun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Society Medicine"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s42077-023-00373-z","article-title":"Anesthetic management for renal transplant in patients with grade III diastolic dysfunction: case reports","volume":"15","author":"Kapoor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ain-Shams J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190544","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1190544","article-title":"Preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index may predict prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with spontaneous basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage undergoing surgical operation","volume":"14","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10051015","article-title":"Prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with deep-seated intracerebral hemorrhage: risk factors and clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Lehmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-022-00450-4","article-title":"External ventricular drain placement is associated with lower mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"15","author":"Warren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058121","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1058121","article-title":"A rare case of Pseudomonas putida ventriculitis in intensive care unit: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Mokhtar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med Lausanne"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05935-5","article-title":"Tracheostomy practice and timing in traumatic brain-injured patients: a CENTER-TBI study","volume":"46","author":"Robba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-6-201103150-00002","article-title":"Early percutaneous tracheotomy versus prolonged intubation of mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery","volume":"154","author":"Trouillet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P106","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12044","article-title":"Recruited lung tissue does not resume normal mechanical properties","volume":"17","author":"Cressoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1797872\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:21:39Z","timestamp":1775712099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1797872\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1797872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1797872","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"article-number":"1797872"}}