{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T06:48:13Z","timestamp":1776840493644,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) occurs in 47\u201395% of patients recovering from general anesthesia, causing discomfort and increasing the risk of postoperative delirium. Xiao-Xu-Ming-Tang is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) concoction that has\n demonstrated efficacy<\/jats:italic>\n in relieving urinary symptoms. Thus, we propose the use of this improved traditional Chinese medicine concoction in the form of a hot compress as an inexpensive, effective, and simple intervention for preventing postoperative CRBD.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Ninety patients who underwent transurethral ureteral laser lithotripsy at three centers were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the Chinese medicine (CM) group and the control group (salt packet (SP) group), at a ratio of 1:1. In the CM group, a hot compress (40\u201345 \u00b0C) of improved Xiao-Xu-Ming-Tang mixed with salt was placed above the pubic symphysis immediately after intubation. In the control group, one-tenth of the improved Xiao-Xu-Ming-Tang and salt mixture was used.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n primary endpoint<\/jats:italic>\n is the incidence of moderate or severe CRBD at 30\u202fmin after surgery. The secondary endpoints are the incidence of moderate-to-severe CRBD, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain score, the incidence of skin discomfort above the pubic symphysis, and the vital signs (the blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation), and patient satisfaction after surgery.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect and safety of a hot compress of an improved Xiao-Xu-Ming-Tang powder and salt mixture for moderate and severe CRBD. These findings may provide a basis for the prevention of CRBD in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n \n http:\/\/itmctr.ccebtcm.org.cn\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n , Identifier: ITMCTR2025000321.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1799106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:50:16Z","timestamp":1776837016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of an improved Xiao-Xu-Ming-Tang traditional Chinese medicine hot compress for preventing catheter-related bladder discomfort: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yujing","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University","place":["Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huixing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2010.12.009","article-title":"Predictors of catheter-related bladder discomfort in the post-anaesthesia care unit","volume":"30","author":"Binhas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2040108.054","article-title":"Catheter-related bladder discomfort: how can we manage it?","volume":"24","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13774","article-title":"Risk factors for emergence agitation in adults after general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol 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Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2213261","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.13261","article-title":"Effect of acupoint hot compress on postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-230267","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome: the role of combined acupuncture, traditional Chinese herb hot compress and rehabilitation training","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53134","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53134","article-title":"The effect of alternating application of cold and hot compresses on reduction of breast engorgement among lactating mothers","volume":"16","author":"Alshakhs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728199","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1728199","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dysmenorrhea patch acupoint application in women with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized double-blind controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Efficacy of Modified Xiao-Xu-Ming-Tang on Catheter-Related Complications after Urinary Calculi Surgery [Efficacy of Modified Xiao-Xu-Ming-Tang in the Treatment of Catheter-Related Complications after Urinary Calculi Surgery]","author":"Sheng","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121034","article-title":"Inhibition of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis by Wuwei Ganlu medicinal bath granules via blocking toll-like receptor 4\/nuclear factor-kappa B and NOD-like 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randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gland Surg"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1799106\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:50:19Z","timestamp":1776837019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1799106\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1799106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1799106","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"article-number":"1799106"}}