{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:10:05Z","timestamp":1775797805184,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Invasive pulmonary fungal disease (IPFD) is often missed or misdiagnosed. Here we report a rare case of IPFD caused by multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which was initially misdiagnosed at another hospital as recurrent pulmonary lymphoma because the patient had a history of lymphoma. Histopathology, sputum culture, and next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at our hospital indicated that IPFD was caused by\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The patient did not respond to fluconazole but showed substantial improvement with caspofungin. We discovered a cutaneous malignancy, which we determined to be the most likely cause of the immunosuppression that facilitated invasive\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Our case highlights that IPFD caused by\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    can show unusual manifestations, which can lead to misdiagnosis as malignancy; that response to antifungals should be monitored carefully because of the risk of resistance in circulating\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains; and that underlying causes of the immunosuppression that led to\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection should be explored, which may uncover deeper problems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1800622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T04:28:09Z","timestamp":1775795289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Misdiagnosis of invasive pulmonary fungal disease caused by drug-resistant Candida tropicalis as airway neoplasm: case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Deyang People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingting","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Deyang People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Deyang People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Deyang People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Deyang People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinhe","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Deyang People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"myae040","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae040","article-title":"Candida tropicalis-A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization of a fungal priority pathogens list.","volume":"62","author":"Keighley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e495","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00731-4","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis: an initiative of the ECMM and ISHAM in cooperation with the ASM.","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1855","article-title":"Guidance on imaging for invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis: from the Imaging Working Group for the Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Fungal Disease from the EORTC\/MSGERC.","volume":"72","author":"Alexander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008","article-title":"Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European organization for research and treatment of cancer and the mycoses study group education and research consortium.","volume":"71","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofy187","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy187","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical features of invasive fungal infection in a US health care network.","volume":"5","author":"Webb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. 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