{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:36:37Z","timestamp":1776692197530,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2026R171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2026R171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019217","name":"AlMaarefa University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MHIRSP2026019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MHIRSP2026019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the efficacy of whole-body vibration (WBV) on hand grip strength, muscular activity, and upper limb function in young females with smartphone addiction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. 66 females aged 18\u201325 years with smartphone addiction were randomly distributed into two equal groups; WBV group: It received WBV with strengthening exercises, and Sham WBV group: that received Sham WBV plus strengthening exercises. All participants received two sessions per week for four consecutive weeks. The primary outcome was hand grip strength. Secondary outcomes included pinch strength, muscle activity, and upper limb function. Evaluation was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Post-treatment, there were significantly greater improvement in all variables with more favor to WBV group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) compared to the Sham WBV group. Mean differences (95% CI) between both groups were 9.48 [7.07, 11.88] for hand grip strength, which is the primary outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WBV combined with hand strengthening exercises might have a positive effect in enhancing hand grip strength, pinch strength, muscle activity, and upper limb function among young females with smartphone addiction. WBV could be a valuable adjunct to traditional rehabilitation programs targeting musculoskeletal effects of smartphone overuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier: NCT 06849687\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1800879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:38:42Z","timestamp":1776688722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute effect of whole-body vibration on hand grip strength, muscular activity, and upper limb function in young females with smartphone addiction: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nesma M.","family":"Allam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University","place":["Giza, Egypt"]},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University","place":["Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruyuf Abdullah","family":"Alkhaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University","place":["Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wadha Zaben","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University","place":["Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed EL-Dosoky Mohamed","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","place":["Jubail, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally Yussef","family":"Abed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","place":["Jubail, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid M.","family":"Ibraheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","place":["Jubail, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasnaa Ali","family":"Ebrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Sherbiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University","place":["Diriyah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadeel Essam","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University","place":["Diriyah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelfattah","family":"Abdelrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University","place":["Mansoura, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadaya Mosaad","family":"Eladl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University","place":["Giza, Egypt"]},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University","place":["Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252371","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1252371","article-title":"Smartphone addiction, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students","volume":"11","author":"Nikolic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.59","article-title":"How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of internet use disorders and what to do with \u201csmartphone addiction\u201d?","volume":"9","author":"Montag","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03957-5","article-title":"Smartphone addiction and its associated factors among freshmen medical students in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-023-02012-1","article-title":"The global prevalence of social media addiction among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Salari","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS2.5078","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and smartphone addictions among university students in Malaysia","volume":"6","author":"Hua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122373","article-title":"Prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and their association with smartphone addiction and smartphone usage among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID 19 pandemic\u2014a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Sirajudeen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8374","DOI":"10.3390\/app10238374","article-title":"Effects of smartphone size and hand size on grip posture in one-handed hard key operations","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.36.4.1797","article-title":"Frequency of wrist pain and its associated risk factors in students using mobile phones","volume":"36","author":"Amjad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2021.34.1.72","article-title":"The relationship between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain prevalence among young population: a cross-sectional study","volume":"34","author":"Mustafaoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15798","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.15798","article-title":"Effect of smartphone on hand performance and strength in the healthy population","volume":"13","author":"Bhamra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6290","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126290","article-title":"Effect of smartphone usage on neck muscle endurance, hand grip and pinch strength among healthy college students: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Alshahrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2023.2176893","article-title":"Smartphone addiction, musculoskeletal pain and functionality in university students - a observational study","volume":"29","author":"de Jesus Correia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093241","article-title":"Effects of a single session of systemic vibratory therapy on flexibility, perception of exertion and handgrip strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease individuals: a quasi-experimental clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Guedes-Aguiar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.06.021","article-title":"Whole body vibration in the static modified push-up position in untrained healthy women stimulates neuromuscular system potentiating increased handgrip myogenic response","volume":"24","author":"Cristino De Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2021.06.015","article-title":"Effects of whole-body vibration on sports performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9774980","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9774980","article-title":"Acute whole-body vibration exercise promotes favorable handgrip neuromuscular modifications in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-over randomized clinical","volume":"2021","author":"Coelho-Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295776","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1295776","article-title":"Effects of whole-body vibration training on physical function, activities of daily living, and quality of life in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469499","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.469499","article-title":"Whole-body vibration exercise in different postures on handgrip strength in healthy women: a cross-over study","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9060652","article-title":"Effectiveness of whole-body vibration training to improve muscle strength and physical performance in older adults: prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Jo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02413-w","article-title":"Smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal associated disorders in university students: biomechanical measures and questionnaire survey analysis","volume":"30","author":"Alghadir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15485-0_1","article-title":"Considerations of sex differences in musculoskeletal anatomy between males and females","volume-title":"The Active Female: Health Issues Throughout the Lifespan","author":"Petrie","year":"2023"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.4197\/Art.30-2.14","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Arabic short version of the smartphone addiction scale (SAS-SV) in Saudi Arabia","volume":"30","author":"Al-Qarni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J King Abdulaziz Univ Arts Humanit."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07685-7","article-title":"The impact of smartphone use duration and posture on the prevalence of hand pain among college students","volume":"25","author":"Banadaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309499020970656","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499020970656","article-title":"The quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (QuickDASH) scores in 961 Japanese volunteers","volume":"28","author":"Hosokawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"155","article-title":"Acute effects of whole-body vibration on trunk and neck muscle activity in consideration of different vibration loads","volume":"14","author":"Perchthaler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5820952","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5820952","article-title":"Effects of whole-body vibration on upper extremity function and grip strength in patients with subacute stroke: a randomised single-blind controlled trial","volume":"2019","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup Ther Int."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.5539\/jel.v8n2p213","article-title":"Effects of 10-week whole body vibration training on strength, flexibility and agility in taekwondo athletes","volume":"8","author":"Aksoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Educ Learn."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111521","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111521","article-title":"Hormonal and neuromuscular responses to mechanical vibration applied to upper extremity muscles","volume":"9","author":"Di Giminiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.54729\/2789-8288.1034","article-title":"Saab I. Effect of segmental vibration on hand and pinch grip strengths in healthy subjects","volume":"2","author":"Abbas","year":"2020","journal-title":"BAU J Health Wellbeing"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2017.01.004","article-title":"Hand strengthening exercises in chronic stroke patients: dose-response evaluation using electromyography","volume":"31","author":"Vinstrup","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hand Ther."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2015.11.004","article-title":"comparison of electronic and manual dynamometry and goniometry in patients with fracture of the distal radius and healthy participants","volume":"29","author":"Plant","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Ther."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7705205150","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2023.050099","article-title":"Interinstrument reliability between the Squegg\u00ae smart dynamometer and hand grip trainer and the Jamar\u00ae hydraulic hand dynamometer: a pilot study","volume":"77","author":"Stamate","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1788999","article-title":"Normative data of grip strength and pinch strength in the Indian population","volume":"57","author":"Rajendiran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2021.1934564","article-title":"Wrist extensor muscle activity is less task-dependent than wrist flexor muscle activity while simultaneously performing moderate-to-high handgrip and wrist forces","volume":"64","author":"Forman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.104480","article-title":"An EMG-driven musculoskeletal model for estimation of wrist kinematics using mirrored bilateral movement","volume":"81","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2021.102372","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Arabic quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH-Arabic)","volume":"53","author":"Alnahdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/rnj.196","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference of grip and pinch strength in women with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis when compared to healthy subjects","volume":"42","author":"Villafa\u00f1e","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rehabil Nurs."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s43161-025-00274-2","article-title":"Effect of vibration therapy on upper limb range of motion and muscle strength in children with hemiplegia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Heneidy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bull Fac Phys Ther"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1159\/000547822","article-title":"Effects of 12 weeks of whole-body vibration training and vitamin D supplementation on bone density and muscle quality in the aged with osteosarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12010048","article-title":"Analysis of vibration frequency and direction for facilitating upper-limb muscle activity","volume":"12","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7368","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1994030","article-title":"Use of surface electromyography to evaluate effects of whole-body vibration exercises on neuromuscular activation and muscle strength in the elderly: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Monteiro-Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15593258221112960","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258221112960","article-title":"Effects of whole-body vibration training with different body positions and amplitudes on lower limb muscle activity in middle-aged and older women","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6671390","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6671390","article-title":"Effect of whole-body vibration training on muscle activation for individuals with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"2021","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2021-0170","article-title":"Effects of low-frequency whole-body vibration on muscle activation, fatigue, and oxygen consumption in healthy young adults: a single-group repeated-measures controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sport Rehabil."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pzae033","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzae033","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) and the shortened version of the DASH (QuickDASH) in people with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Galardini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-203397","article-title":"Effects of vibratory massage therapy on grip strength, endurance time and forearm muscle performance","volume":"68","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-024-01515-6","article-title":"Upper extremity function and disability recovery with vibration therapy after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J NeuroEng Rehabil."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000454","article-title":"Short-term effects of whole-body vibration combined with task-related training on upper extremity function, spasticity, and grip strength in subjects with poststroke hemiplegia: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"95","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3390\/app15020552","article-title":"The effect of whole-body vibration on upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Kelaiditi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1800879\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:38:44Z","timestamp":1776688724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1800879\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1800879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1800879","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"article-number":"1800879"}}