{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:39:48Z","timestamp":1787585988897,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spiriva Respimat (tiotropium bromide) is a first-line therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, prescribed to millions worldwide. However, its comprehensive real-world safety profile, particularly rare and late-onset adverse events, remains incompletely characterized in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify and characterize adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with Spiriva Respimat in real-world settings and provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical risk management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 3,962 primary suspect reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (2004\u20132024). Disproportionality analyses (ROR, PRR, BCPNN, MGPS) identified safety signals, while Weibull survival analysis characterized temporal patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beyond confirming known anticholinergic effects consistent with established clinical trial data (including dry mouth and pharyngitis), we identified clinically significant novel signals requiring heightened monitoring: ocular complications (glaucoma ROR 5.67, 95% CI 4.89\u20136.58; cataracts ROR 4.92, 95% CI 4.25\u20135.70), musculoskeletal events (fractures 4.8%), and urogenital complications (urinary retention ROR 6.01, 95% CI 5.32\u20136.79). Temporal analysis revealed distinct risk patterns: 81.4% of events occurred within 30\u202fdays (predominantly respiratory and gastrointestinal), while late-onset complications (&amp;gt;360\u202fdays; median 507\u202fdays, IQR: 422.5\u2013674.5\u202fdays) primarily involved ocular and skeletal systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identifies previously underrecognized safety risks of Spiriva Respimat with direct implications for clinical practice. We recommend baseline ophthalmologic screening, annual monitoring for ocular complications, and careful patient selection in elderly populations with comorbidities. These findings support personalized risk\u2013benefit assessment in COPD and asthma management. Our risk stratification framework enables clinicians to identify high-risk patients and implement targeted surveillance protocols, potentially preventing serious adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1802121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:02:13Z","timestamp":1780034533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Real world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system events for Spiriva Respimat"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WeiYe","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Zhangping Hospital","place":["Zhangping, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"QingRong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HaiPing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.2006.1.3.251","article-title":"Use of Respimat soft mist inhaler in COPD patients","volume":"1","author":"Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"46","article-title":"The efficacy of tiotropium bromide (spiriva) in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity: results of the Russian trial","volume":"82","author":"Stepanian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S190639","article-title":"Improving usability and maintaining performance: human-factor and aerosol-performance studies evaluating the 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