{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:55:50Z","timestamp":1777949750486,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is a common ocular allergic disease, predominantly affecting children and young adults, with no significant gender predominance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of fluorometholone combined with azelastine eye drops versus azelastine monotherapy in patients with SAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This single-center retrospective study enrolled 180 SAC patients from January 2022 to June 2024. Patients were divided into a combination group (fluorometholone 0.1% QID\u202f+\u202fazelastine 0.05% BID,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f90) and a monotherapy group (azelastine 0.05% BID,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f90). Symptom and sign scores were assessed at baseline, weeks 1, 2, 4, and 2\u202fmonths post-treatment. Efficacy, recurrence rate, and adverse events were compared.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The combination group showed significantly greater reduction in symptom and sign scores from week 1 onward (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01). At week 2, the total effective rate was 98.89% in the combination group versus 81.11% in the monotherapy group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). The recurrence rate at 2\u202fmonths post-treatment was significantly lower in the combination group (6.7% vs. 17.8%, \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u202f=\u202f4.889,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.027). Adverse events were mild and comparable between groups (5.6% vs. 4.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.697).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fluorometholone combined with azelastine is more effective than azelastine monotherapy in treating SAC, providing faster symptom relief, higher efficacy, lower recurrence, and a comparable safety profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1807309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:24:45Z","timestamp":1777868685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of fluorometholone combined with azelastine eye drops for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Ophthalmology, Yiwu Aier Eye Hospital","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Ophthalmology, Yiwu Aier Eye Hospital","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Ophthalmology, Yiwu Aier Eye Hospital","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Refractive Surgery, Yiwu Aier Eye Hospital","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-023-08970-4","article-title":"Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Bruschi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32834a9676","article-title":"Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"11","author":"Rosario","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-39-18","article-title":"Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"La Rosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"8976543","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors of 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