{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:13:11Z","timestamp":1779343991384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy has emerged as a pivotal non-invasive respiratory support modality for acute respiratory failure (ARF), fundamentally transforming critical care practice. Despite substantial growth in HFNC research and clinical significance, no comprehensive bibliometric analysis has systematically examined the knowledge structure, research trends, and emerging frontiers in this rapidly evolving field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC), supplemented by PubMed and Scopus for literature retrieval, covering publications from January 2015 to December 2025. Search terms included combinations of \u201cacute respiratory failure,\u201d \u201crespiratory failure,\u201d \u201cARF,\u201d \u201chigh-flow nasal oxygen,\u201d \u201chigh-flow oxygen,\u201d and \u201cHFNC\u201d in titles and abstracts. Data were analyzed using three visualization tools: CiteSpace (version 6.4.R1), VOSviewer (version 1.6.20), and Bibliometrix in R (version 4.5.1) to examine publication trends, country collaborations, author networks, journal distributions, co-citation patterns, and keyword evolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1,477 publications were identified, with annual output peaking at 256 in 2022, reflecting intensified research during the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States led in productivity (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 139), while France achieved the highest citation impact (TC = 7,726). Keyword and co-citation clustering revealed evolving research foci from foundational respiratory support (2015\u20132017) to pandemic-driven applications (2019\u20132021) and emerging artificial intelligence (AI) integration (2022\u20132025). Nine distinct research clusters were identified, with recent emphasis on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, reintubation, and advanced respiratory technologies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings highlight HFNC's successful transition from experimental therapy to evidence-based standard care, with future trends indicating movement toward personalized medicine approaches and technology-enhanced respiratory care delivery systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1811474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:43:52Z","timestamp":1779342232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-flow nasal cannula for acute respiratory failure: a bibliometric analysis of current trends and future directions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Siying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixia","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05590-5","article-title":"High flow nasal cannula compared with conventional oxygen therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Rochwerg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101574","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01574-2021","article-title":"ERS clinical practice guidelines: high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure","volume":"59","author":"Oczkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-7533","article-title":"Appropriate use of high-flow nasal oxygen in hospitalized patients for initial or postextubation management of acute respiratory failure: a clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians","volume":"174","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-024-01367-2","article-title":"Oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: guidelines from the SRLF-SFMU consensus conference","volume":"14","author":"Helms","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52061-z","article-title":"Machine learning prediction of the failure of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in patients with acute respiratory failure","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503326","article-title":"High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"372","author":"Frat","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001049","article-title":"The rapid growth of bibliometric studies: a call for international guidelines","volume":"110","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.3390\/encyclopedia4020065","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis: the main steps","volume":"4","author":"Passas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Encyclopedia"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2024.103269","article-title":"Protocol for conducting bibliometric analysis in biomedicine and related research using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software","volume":"5","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"STAR Protoc"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-023-04725-2","article-title":"Visibility, impact, and applications of bibliometric software tools through citation analysis","volume":"128","author":"Tomaszewski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1918007","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18007","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of top-cited journal articles in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"2","author":"Brandt","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136400","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1136400","article-title":"Trends of mitochondrial changes in AD: a bibliometric study","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177127","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1177127","article-title":"Emerging trends and research foci of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a 20-year bibliometric analysis","volume":"14","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5303","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307513100","article-title":"Searching for intellectual turning points: progressive knowledge domain visualization","volume":"101","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2022.1434","article-title":"VOSviewer and Bibliometrix","volume":"110","author":"Arruda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2014.920813","article-title":"Emerging trends and new developments in regenerative medicine: a scientometric update (2000\u20132014)","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040686","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1040686","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of tumor necrosis factor in post-stroke neuroinflammation from 2003 to 2021","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978552","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.978552","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of global research trends on pyroptosis in lung disease","volume":"13","author":"Mo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17534666221091931","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666221091931","article-title":"Effectiveness of the use of a high-flow nasal cannula to treat COVID-19 patients and risk factors for failure: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12980","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in respiratory journals from China and other top-ranking countries between 2007 and 2017","volume":"13","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752956","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.752956","article-title":"Research trends and hotspots of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a 10-year bibliometric study and visualization analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.6.3993","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis of global research production in respiratory medicine","volume":"128","author":"Michalopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-023-01103-0","article-title":"Respiratory muscle training: a bibliometric analysis of 60 years' multidisciplinary journey","volume":"22","author":"Ramli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.12580","article-title":"2023 Year in review: high-flow nasal cannula for COVID-19","volume":"69","author":"Davis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01354-w","article-title":"Application of high-flow nasal cannula in hypoxemic patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07050-7","article-title":"ESICM guidelines on acute respiratory distress syndrome: definition, phenotyping and respiratory support strategies","volume":"49","author":"Grasselli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57271","DOI":"10.2196\/57271","article-title":"Unveiling the influence of AI on advancements in respiratory care: narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interact J Med Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_192_23","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in respiratory care: current scenario and future perspective","volume":"19","author":"Al-Anazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5734","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175734","article-title":"Industry 4","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2022.102591","article-title":"What drives innovation? Lessons from COVID-19 R&D","volume":"82","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.05.001","article-title":"Effectiveness, adherence and safety of home high flow nasal cannula in chronic respiratory disease and respiratory insufficiency: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"J\u00e1come","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2088","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.2088","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula during pulmonary rehabilitation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Oltra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010232","article-title":"The role of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in exercise testing and pulmonary rehabilitation: a review of the current literature","volume":"13","author":"Candia","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i20.4853","article-title":"End-of-life home care of an interstitial pneumonia patient supported by high-flow nasal cannula therapy: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Goda","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.5220\/0013255200003929","article-title":"Connection is all you need! Mining and linking disparate data sources for collaboration network analysis: In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems","author":"Vehmeyer","year":"2025"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13040-025-00442-z","article-title":"Network-based multi-omics integrative analysis methods in drug discovery: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioData Min"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1750-x","article-title":"The future of mechanical ventilation: lessons from the present and the past","volume":"21","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.33678\/cor.2024.051","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk assessment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"66","author":"Melenevych","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cor Vasa"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.15326\/jcopdf.2023.0449","article-title":"Integrating artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of COPD globally: a way forward","volume":"11","author":"Robertson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J COPD Found."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801660","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01660-2018","article-title":"Artificial intelligence outperforms pulmonologists in the interpretation of pulmonary function tests","volume":"53","author":"Topalovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.6025\/stm\/2024\/5\/93-99","article-title":"Combining altmetrics and citation metrics for enhanced research assessment","author":"Sureshkrishnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annual Proceedings of the Science & Technology Metrics. Dline Journals"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5259603","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5259603","article-title":"Exploring the frontiers: research gaps, informational sources, and evaluative metrics","volume":"11","author":"Samanth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Innov Res Technol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176221103617","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis for medical research","volume":"45","author":"Manoj Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.160010.2","article-title":"Applications of machine learning (ML) in the context of marketing: a bibliometric approach","volume":"14","author":"Cardona-Acevedo","year":"2025","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"B45","unstructured":"Mechanical ventilation\n          \n          \n            \n              Hickey\n              SM\n            \n            \n              Sankari\n              A\n            \n            \n              Giwa\n              AO\n            \n          \n          StatPearls [Internet]\n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01157","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.01157-2024","article-title":"ERS Congress 2024: highlights from the respiratory intensive care assembly","volume":"11","author":"Viegas","year":"2025","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66264","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.66264","article-title":"A comprehensive review on high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in critical care: evidence-based insights and future directions","volume":"16","author":"Petkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040622320920106","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622320920106","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy as an emerging option for respiratory failure: the present and the future","volume":"11","author":"Spicuzza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428431","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1428431","article-title":"The effectiveness of transnasal high flow nasal cannula in bronchoscopy under sedation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58494","DOI":"10.3791\/58494","article-title":"Comparing bibliometric analysis using pubmed, scopus, and web of science databases","volume":"152","author":"AlRyalat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1811474\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:43:56Z","timestamp":1779342236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1811474\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1811474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1811474","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"article-number":"1811474"}}