{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:03:38Z","timestamp":1789639418982,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the utility of combining pretreatment serum tumor markers with clinicopathological features for predicting recurrence risk in patients with cervical cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis included 107 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer who completed initial treatment. Based on recurrence within 3\u202fyears, patients were categorized into recurrence (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f27) and non-recurrence (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f80) groups. Serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), and tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF) were measured before and after treatment. Dynamic changes (\u0394SCC, \u0394HE4, \u0394TSGF), the SCC\/HE4 ratio, and a composite LogitScore were calculated. Correlations with clinicopathological features were assessed, and the predictive efficacy of each indicator was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Cox regression models identified factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pretreatment serum SCC, HE4, TSGF, SCC\/HE4 ratio, and LogitScore were significantly higher in the recurrence group. Post-treatment declines in these markers were more pronounced in the non-recurrence group. The recurrence group had a higher prevalence of advanced FIGO stage (III-IV), larger tumor diameter (&amp;gt;4\u202fcm), lymph node metastasis, and lymphovascular space invasion. These tumor marker levels correlated positively with adverse pathological features. The composite LogitScore demonstrated the highest area under the ROC curve (0.983) for predicting recurrence. Multivariate analysis established FIGO stage III-IV, HE4\u202f&amp;gt;\u202f140\u202fpmol\/L, and a high-risk LogitScore as independent risk factors for shorter RFS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination of pretreatment serum HE4, a composite LogitScore, and FIGO stage represents a promising indicator set for predicting cervical cancer recurrence in this exploratory, internally validated analysis. This model, developed and evaluated within the same cohort, shows potential clinical value for early identification of high-risk patients, though its performance requires further validation in independent external cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1813161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T05:30:34Z","timestamp":1778477434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expression levels of serum SCC, HE4, and TSGF in cervical cancer patients and their correlation with recurrence: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, China"]},{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feixia","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101550","article-title":"Chemoradiotherapy-induced ACKR2+ tumor cells drive CD8+ T cell senescence and cervical cancer recurrence","volume":"5","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2024-005579","article-title":"Cervical cancer: a new era","volume":"34","author":"Caruso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2021.12.018","article-title":"Post-recurrence survival in patients with cervical cancer","volume":"164","author":"Cibula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10732748221097778","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748221097778","article-title":"Serum human epididymis protein 4 as a prognostic marker in cervical cancer","volume":"29","author":"Hwang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"030502","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2024.030502","article-title":"Diagnostic role of urine human epididymis protein 4 in ovarian cancer","volume":"34","author":"Han\u017eek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11602-x","article-title":"The predicting role of serum tumor-specific growth factor for prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2024.155672","article-title":"HPV is an essential driver in recurrence of cervical cancer","volume":"264","author":"B\u00f8nl\u00f8kke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06811-w","article-title":"Associations among HPV persistence, the vaginal microbiome, and cervical cancer recurrence","volume":"23","author":"Tsementzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2023-004860","article-title":"Patterns of use of primary and first-line chemotherapy for recurrence among patients with cervical cancer","volume":"34","author":"Diggs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8099","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000003027","article-title":"Surgical approach, preoperative LEEP\/conization and patterns of recurrence and death in low-risk cervical cancer - 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