{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:07:45Z","timestamp":1788934065409,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common childhood-onset neurological condition often associated with crouch gait, a pathological walking pattern impairing mobility. Wearable robotic devices are emerging as promising tools for paediatric gait rehabilitation, but evidence on their rehabilitative and assistive effects remains limited. This exploratory study evaluated the rehabilitative and assistive effects of a 10-session training programme using Agilik, a paediatric knee exoskeleton, in children with CP and crouch gait, during level-ground, uphill, and downhill walking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight children with CP completed the intervention. Assessments were performed at baseline (T0) and post-intervention (T1), including walking endurance, speed, balance, spasticity, and clinical joint and muscle length assessments. Three-dimensional gait analysis (GRAIL system) quantified sagittal-plane hip, knee, and ankle range of motion during level-ground, uphill, and downhill walking. At T1, joint range of motion was analysed with and without Agilik to assess its assistive effect. User satisfaction was evaluated using the child-adapted QUEST 2.1 questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Given the exploratory nature of this study, results were interpreted primarily at the individual level using predefined minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds. When clinically relevant changes occurred, improvements were more frequently observed than deteriorations in walking endurance (MCID\u2009&amp;gt;\u200915\u2005m), speed (MCID\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.1\u2005m\/s), muscle lengths (&amp;gt;5\u00b0), and joint range of motion (&amp;gt;5\u00b0). No significant group-level rehabilitative changes were observed (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). In contrast, the assistive evaluation showed statistically significant increases in knee and hip range of motion across all walking conditions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), with all participants improving at the knee in every condition. Satisfaction scores (7-point scale) were high for size, appearance, usability, and set-up time (median\u2009\u2265\u20094\/7), while weight, reliability, and timely performance received lower ratings (median 3.5\/7).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This exploratory study demonstrates a clear assistive biomechanical benefit of Agilik, particularly at the knee and hip. Individual-level analyses suggest that some participants may experience clinically meaningful improvements following training; however, these observations are hypothesis-generating and cannot be interpreted as evidence of a rehabilitative effect. Larger randomised controlled studies are needed to determine whether repeated exposure to assisted gait translates into sustained functional gains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1814298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:00:14Z","timestamp":1788933614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the rehabilitative and assistive impact of the Agilik exoskeleton: a pre\u2013post single-group study in children with cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Nossa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Malerba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Falivene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Diella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Riboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca Emanuele","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Chiappini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Univerist\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino","place":["Turin, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Alexander","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Maghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Biffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini","place":["Lecco, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"569","article-title":"Rehabilitation in cerebral palsy","volume":"154","author":"Molnar","year":"1991","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1270","article-title":"Prevalence of cerebral palsy in 8-year-old children in three areas of the United States in 2002: a multisite collaboration","volume":"121","author":"Yeargin-Allsopp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(89)90012-9","article-title":"Rehabilitation management of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"70","author":"Binder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"325","article-title":"Pathologic gait","volume":"39","author":"Perry","year":"1990","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-023-01002-5","article-title":"Crouch gait in cerebral palsy: current concepts review","volume":"57","author":"Pandey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00040","article-title":"Physics-based simulations to predict the differential effects of motor control and musculoskeletal deficits on gait dysfunction in cerebral palsy: a retrospective case study","volume":"14","author":"Falisse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637164","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2025.1637164","article-title":"Clinical gait evaluation with neuromuscular impairments (clinical GENI) for spastic cerebral palsy","volume":"19","author":"Clewes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-013-0510-y","article-title":"Lever arm dysfunction in cerebral palsy gait","volume":"7","author":"Theologis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-015-0651-2","article-title":"A functional electrical stimulation system improves knee control in crouch gait","volume":"9","author":"Sam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.06.036","article-title":"Crouch severity is a poor predictor of elevated oxygen consumption in cerebral palsy","volume":"60","author":"Steele","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.02.024","article-title":"Effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical management of crouch gait in cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Galey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/75.8.658","article-title":"Effects of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening on crouch gait in children with spastic diplegia","volume":"75","author":"Damiano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110052","article-title":"Robot-assisted gait training for lower limb motor recovery in cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis of combined and standalone approaches","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31819800e2","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of treadmill training and body weight support in pediatric rehabilitation","volume":"33","author":"Damiano","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-210135","article-title":"Gait-assisted exoskeletons for children with cerebral palsy or spinal muscular atrophy: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Cumplido","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252193","article-title":"Effectiveness of powered exoskeleton use on gait in individuals with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Bunge","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.09.082","article-title":"Effectiveness of robotic exoskeletons for improving gait in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Hunt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0412-9","article-title":"A robot-based gait training therapy for pediatric population with cerebral palsy: goal setting, proposal and preliminary clinical implementation","volume":"15","author":"Bay\u00f3n","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1142\/9789813231047_0007","article-title":"ATLAS 2020: the pediatric gait exoskeleton project","volume-title":"Human-Centric Robotics","author":"Garcia","year":"2017"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0485-0","article-title":"Evaluation of biomechanical gait parameters of patients with cerebral palsy at three different levels of gait assistance using the CPWalker","volume":"16","author":"Aycardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56120673","article-title":"Effect of the hybrid assistive limb on the gait pattern for cerebral palsy","volume":"56","author":"Mataki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2019.12.009","article-title":"Robot-assisted gait training using a very small-sized hybrid assistive limb\u00ae for pediatric cerebral palsy: a case report","volume":"42","author":"Kuroda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9946","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249946","article-title":"Use of robot-assisted gait training in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy in an inpatient setting-a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Moll","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-023-09895-8","article-title":"Safety and feasibility of robot-assisted gait training in adults with cerebral palsy in an inpatient setting\u2014an observational study","volume":"35","author":"Moll","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dev Phys Disabil"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.22625","article-title":"Overground gait training with a wearable robot in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6103","DOI":"10.3390\/s23136103","article-title":"Design and control of a single-leg exoskeleton with gravity compensation for children with unilateral cerebral palsy","volume":"23","author":"Sarajchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.2965029","article-title":"Ankle exoskeleton assistance can improve over-ground walking economy in individuals with cerebral palsy","volume":"28","author":"Orekhov","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2024.111944","article-title":"Effects of ankle exoskeleton assistance and plantar pressure biofeedback on incline walking mechanics and muscle activity in cerebral palsy","volume":"163","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14050425","article-title":"Efficacy of a soft robotic exoskeleton to improve lower limb motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Hui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13554-2","article-title":"The effects of exoskeleton assisted knee extension on lower-extremity gait kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"7","author":"Lerner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"147","article-title":"Applicability of a new robotic walking aid in a patient with cerebral palsy. Case report","volume":"48","author":"Smania","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702137","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.702137","article-title":"A pediatric knee exoskeleton with real-time adaptive control for overground walking in ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/BioRob52689.2022.9925419","article-title":"Interleaved assistance and resistance for exoskeleton mediated gait training: validation, feasibility and effects","author":"Bulea","year":"2022"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-022-01103-6","article-title":"Usability of an exosuit in domestic and community environments","volume":"19","author":"Basla","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"1","article-title":"An exoskeleton brake unit for children with crouch gait supporting the knee joint during stance","author":"Yamada","year":"2018"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Exergaming with a pediatric exoskeleton: facilitating rehabilitation and research in children with cerebral palsy","author":"Bulea","year":"2017"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-020-00738-7","article-title":"Toward a hybrid exoskeleton for crouch gait in children with cerebral palsy: neuromuscular electrical stimulation for improved knee extension","volume":"17","author":"Shideler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/MeMeA.2016.7533748","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects on stride-to-stride variability and gait asymmetry in children with cerebral palsy wearing the WAKE-up ankle module","author":"Mileti","year":"2016"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0304087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304087","article-title":"A randomized cross-over study protocol to evaluate long-term gait training with a pediatric robotic exoskeleton outside the clinical setting in children with movement disorders","volume":"19","author":"Devine","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x","article-title":"Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"39","author":"Palisano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03480783","article-title":"The six-minute walk test","volume":"48","author":"Enright","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.109734","article-title":"Ten meter walk test for motor function assessment with technological devices based on lower members\u2019 movements: a systematic review","volume":"187","author":"Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1179\/108331902125001770","article-title":"Ashworth and Tardieu scales: their clinical relevance for measuring spasticity in adult and paediatric neurological populations","volume":"7","author":"Morris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"key":"B44","author":"Clarkson","year":"2002"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1543-2","article-title":"Center of pressure excursion as a measure of balance performance in patients with non-specific low back pain compared to healthy controls: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Ruhe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5105","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115105","article-title":"The influence of anthropometric variables and filtering frequency on center of pressure data","volume":"23","author":"Koltermann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-013-1076-z","article-title":"A real-time system for biomechanical analysis of human movement and muscle function","volume":"51","author":"Van Den Bogert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2011.588990","article-title":"Children\u2019s satisfaction with assistive technology solutions for schoolwork using the QUEST 2.1: children\u2019s version","volume":"23","author":"Murchland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Assist Technol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2794036","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2794036","article-title":"Minimum clinically important difference of gross motor function and gait endurance in children with motor impairment: a comparison of distribution-based approaches","volume":"2020","author":"Storm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150401","article-title":"Effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions to improve gait speed in children with cerebral palsy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Moreau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2020.102585","article-title":"The human body model versus conventional gait models for kinematic gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"70","author":"Flux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaam9145","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam9145","article-title":"A lower-extremity exoskeleton improves knee extension in children with crouch gait from cerebral palsy","volume":"9","author":"Lerner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00042.x","article-title":"Classification of gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia and spastic diplegia: a basis for a management algorithm","volume":"8","author":"Rodda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"679","article-title":"Exoskeleton assistance improves crouch during overground walking with forearm crutches: a case study","author":"Bulea","year":"2020"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"491","article-title":"Relationship between assistive torque and knee biomechanics during exoskeleton walking in individuals with crouch gait","author":"Lerner","year":"2017"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155221087084","article-title":"Is robotic gait training effective for individuals with cerebral palsy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Conner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"B59","first-page":"938","article-title":"Delivering gait training to children at home with a robotic knee exoskeleton: initial findings on feasibility and patient satisfaction","author":"Devine","year":"2025"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3870","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103870","article-title":"Feasibility of overground gait training using a joint-torque-assisting wearable exoskeletal robot in children with static brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1814298\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:00:16Z","timestamp":1788933616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1814298\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1814298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1814298","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"article-number":"1814298"}}