{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:15:30Z","timestamp":1778220930908,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood myopia is increasingly recognized as a condition with systemic underpinnings, aligning with the holistic perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This study aimed to explore associations between childhood myopia and objectively measured TCM pulse, tongue, and face diagnostic parameters using digital instruments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional, school-based study, 873 children aged 7\u201314 years from Shandong Province, China, underwent comprehensive examinations. Myopia was defined as a cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) \u2264 \u22120.50 D. Objective parameters of pulse (using the DS01-DI pulse diagnosis instrument), tongue, and face (using the DS01-B system) were automatically acquired. Associations with myopia, SE, and axial length (AL) were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear models, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, parental myopia, time spent on near work and outdoor activities, and TCM body constitution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 873 children, 464 (53.15%) had myopia. After covariate adjustment, the amplitude of the main pulse wave (h1) was independently and negatively associated with myopia in all children (Model 1: OR = 0.834,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001; Model 2: OR = 0.831,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). This association remained significant in both age subgroups (7\u201310 and 11\u201314 years). Higher h1 correlated with greater SE and shorter AL in the older group. No significant associations were found between myopia and any quantified tongue or facial parameters. Myopic children also showed a significantly higher prevalence of biased TCM constitutions compared to those with a balanced constitution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduced h1 amplitude is a systemic correlate of childhood myopia, whereas tongue and facial features showed no significant associations. These findings support the potential of pulse-based systemic assessment in integrated myopia research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1815599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:51:27Z","timestamp":1778219487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Objective pulse wave amplitude as a potential systemic correlate in childhood myopia: a digital TCM-based study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Sha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yane","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meihua","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jike","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongsheng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Optometry and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050.","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000516","article-title":"The age-specific prevalence of myopia in Asia: a meta-analysis.","volume":"92","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.6","article-title":"IMI prevention of myopia and its progression.","volume":"62","author":"Jonas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002590","article-title":"Prevalence and time trends of myopia in children and adolescents in China: a systemic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"40","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.029","article-title":"Potential lost productivity resulting from the global burden of myopia: systematic review, meta-analysis, and modeling.","volume":"126","author":"Naidoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.2","article-title":"IMI impact of myopia.","volume":"62","author":"Sankaridurg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368219","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1368219","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of myopia among school-age children before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study in Shenzhen. China.","volume":"11","author":"Mu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia.","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-016-3440-9","article-title":"The influence of near work on myopic refractive change in urban students in Beijing: a three-year follow-up report.","volume":"254","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175921","article-title":"Outdoor activity and myopia progression in 4-year follow-up of Chinese primary school children: the Beijing Children Eye Study.","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.3","article-title":"IMI risk factors for myopia.","volume":"62","author":"Morgan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74348-7","article-title":"Sleeping late is a risk factor for myopia development amongst school-aged children in China.","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2025.101069","article-title":"Proteomic and phosphoproteomic characteristics of the retina, choroid, and sclera in guinea pigs with form-deprivation myopia.","volume":"24","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.12.023","article-title":"Augmentation of scleral glycolysis promotes myopia through histone lactylation.","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.15.30","article-title":"Decreased choroidal blood perfusion induces myopia in guinea pigs.","volume":"62","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383449","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1383449","article-title":"Causal relationships between height, screen time, physical activity, sleep and myopia: univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization.","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-02931-7","article-title":"Dissecting the complex sex-based associations of myopia with height and weight.","volume":"38","author":"Machluf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e663","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab669","article-title":"Myopia and early-onset type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study.","volume":"107","author":"Peled","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33393","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033393","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between intestinal flora and the pathological mechanism of myopia in adolescents from the perspective of Chinese and Western medicine: a review.","volume":"102","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-011-0126-x","article-title":"The fundamental theory of traditional Chinese medicine and the consideration in its research strategy.","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104358","article-title":"Computational Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis: a literature survey.","volume":"133","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X25500144","article-title":"Chinese Medicine in the era of artificial intelligence: challenges and development prospects.","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106550","article-title":"Wrist pulse diagnosis of stable coronary heart disease based on acoustics waveforms.","volume":"214","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2964816","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2964816","article-title":"A study of machine-learning classifiers for hypertension based on radial pulse wave.","volume":"2018","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2021.2002306","article-title":"Application research of pulse signal physiology and pathology feature mining in the field of disease diagnosis.","volume":"25","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2018.01.009","article-title":"A sensor-based wrist pulse signal processing and lung cancer recognition.","volume":"79","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.106652","article-title":"Multiple color representation and fusion for diabetes mellitus diagnosis based on back tongue images.","volume":"155","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20552076231160323","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231160323","article-title":"A new model for predicting the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome: based on data of tongue and pulse.","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digit Health."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154294","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1154294","article-title":"A lung cancer risk warning model based on tongue images.","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104622","article-title":"Application of computer tongue image analysis technology in the diagnosis of NAFLD.","volume":"135","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14010053","article-title":"A framework to predict gastric cancer based on tongue features and deep learning.","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Micromachines."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107843","article-title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral infections: efficacies and mechanisms.","volume":"225","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.02.005","article-title":"An extensive analysis of various texture feature extractors to detect diabetes mellitus using facial specific regions.","volume":"83","author":"Shu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2022.3164848","article-title":"A deep invertible 3-D facial shape model for interpretable genetic syndrome diagnosis.","volume":"26","author":"Bannister","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194488","article-title":"An artificial intelligent risk classification method of high myopia based on fundus images.","volume":"10","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572750","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1572750","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in pathologic myopia: a review of clinical research studies.","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.010","article-title":"Sample size estimation in clinical research: from randomized controlled trials to observational studies.","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn115989-20220803-00361","article-title":"Analysis of eye screening data in primary and middle school students from 2019 to 2021.","volume":"41","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M20","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957","article-title":"IMI - defining and classifying myopia: a proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies.","volume":"60","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125736","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/125736","article-title":"Syndrome differentiation analysis on Mars500 data of Traditional Chinese Medicine.","volume":"2015","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci World J."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.11842\/wst.20190723003","article-title":"Characteristics of pulse pattern parameters in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Sci Technol-Mod Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36785","article-title":"Pulse signal may be a key bridge connecting cardiology and pulse diagnosis of TCM.","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442732","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1442732","article-title":"Cross-population tongue image features and tongue coating microbiome changes in the evolution of colorectal cancer.","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2016.3466","article-title":"Potential screening and early diagnosis method for cancer: tongue diagnosis.","volume":"48","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Oncol."},{"key":"B45","volume-title":"A study on the Development of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Scale for Children Aged 7-14.","author":"Yang","year":"2015"},{"key":"B46","first-page":"4279","article-title":"Relationship between traditional Chinese medicine constitution and visual status in children and teenagers.","volume":"36","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn115909-20240116-00032","article-title":"Discussion on the myopia in children and adolescents from the profile of Qi, blood and collaterals theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine.","volume":"26","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Optom Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708742","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.708742","article-title":"A new approach of fatigue classification based on data of tongue and pulse with machine learning.","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2020.0008","article-title":"A quantitative diagnostic method for phlegm and blood stasis syndrome in coronary heart disease using tongue, face, and pulse indexes: an exploratory pilot study.","volume":"26","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.11656\/j.issn.1673-9043.2025.01.03","article-title":"Analysis of pulse diagnosis characteristics in healthy individuals with yin deficiency constitution.","volume":"44","author":"Xiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Tianjin Univ Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-0805.2024.06.67","article-title":"A study on the characteristics of pulse diagnosis information in people with special physical conditions in North China.","volume":"35","author":"Ran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.11842\/wst.2016.11.026","article-title":"A research on Traditional Chinese Medical (TCM) syndrome patterns and pulse parameters of 348 children with recurrent respiratory tract infection.","volume":"18","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Sci Technol-Mod Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-020-00224-0","article-title":"Choroidal blood perfusion as a potential \u201crapid predictive index\u201d for myopia development and progression.","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye Vis."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e860","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001584","article-title":"Normal wrist development in children and adolescents: a geometrical observational analysis based on plain radiographs.","volume":"40","author":"Sallam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3732","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.3045274","article-title":"Graph based multichannel feature fusion for wrist pulse diagnosis.","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28917","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3058791","article-title":"The correlation study of Cun, Guan and Chi position based on wrist pulse characteristics.","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000004056","article-title":"Defining early vascular aging in youth: an expert consensus document from the youth vascular consortium.","volume":"43","author":"Kruger","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-026-02442-7","article-title":"Robust and interpretable unit level causal inference in neural networks for pediatric myopia.","volume":"9","author":"Jin","year":"2026","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.152686","article-title":"Reference values of pulse wave velocity in healthy children and teenagers.","volume":"56","author":"Reusz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003374","article-title":"Oscillometric pulse wave velocity estimated via the Mobil-O-Graph shows excellent accuracy in children, adolescents and young adults: an invasive validation study.","volume":"41","author":"Walser","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2021.103693","article-title":"A tongue features fusion approach to predicting prediabetes and diabetes with machine learning.","volume":"115","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01118-w","article-title":"Clinical study of intelligent tongue diagnosis and oral microbiome for classifying TCM syndromes in MASLD.","volume":"20","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.13444\/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.2022.10.010","article-title":"Discussion on syndrome differentiation and treatment of myopia in children and adolescents based on TCM constitution identification.","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"China J Chin Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1815599\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:51:35Z","timestamp":1778219495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1815599\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1815599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1815599","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"article-number":"1815599"}}