{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:54:06Z","timestamp":1781589246196,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension (HTN) is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality; however, its epidemiology among the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) population residing in the United States (US) remains uncharacterized due to historical racial misclassification and underrepresentation in national datasets. This study aimed to evaluate HTN prevalence, treatment, control, and predictors among MENA adults using data from the All of Us Research Program (2000\u20132024).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of self-identified MENA adults aged \u226518 years with at least one outpatient blood pressure (BP) measurement. HTN was defined by an outpatient diagnosis of essential HTN. BP control was assessed using time in target range among participants with at least two outpatient BP measurements after index date and was defined as BP &amp;lt; 140\/90 mm Hg \u226550% of outpatient visits. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictors of HTN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 2,572 MENA adults included in the analysis, 18% (463) had HTN. Among hypertensive participants, 76% (352 of 463) received antihypertensive treatment, and 85% (400 of 463) achieved BP control. Participants aged \u2264 50 years demonstrated significantly higher BP control proportion, compared with those aged &amp;gt;50 years (97 vs. 83%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0137). Significant predictors of HTN included diabetes, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, obesity, male sex, age, anxiety, vitamin D deficiency, and anemia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among US MENA adults that participated in the All of Us research Program, HTN prevalence was lower than estimates reported for the general US adult population, while treatment and BP control were higher. Cardiometabolic conditions were the primary drivers of HTN risk, with additional associations observed for vitamin D deficiency and anemia, highlighting the need for improved inclusion of MENA adults in national health research to inform targeted prevention and management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1819597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:38:25Z","timestamp":1781588305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypertension among Middle Eastern and North African adults residing in the United States: addressing equity in health research representation using the All of Us Research Program, 2000\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eissa A.","family":"Jafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University","place":["Jazan, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","article-title":"The global epidemiology of hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1","article-title":"Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants","author":"Collaboration","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70093","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.70093","article-title":"Hypertension prevalence, awareness, and control in US adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"27","author":"Essa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17570","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in the United States, 2013 to 2018","volume":"78","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-022-01826-x","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in hypertension: barriers and opportunities to improve blood pressure control","volume":"25","author":"Abrahamowicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-023-01759-3","article-title":"Improving the collection of national health data: the case for the middle eastern and north african checkbox for communities in the USA","volume":"11","author":"Kindratt","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.10.019","article-title":"Self-rated health of Middle Eastern immigrants in the US: a national study","volume":"180","author":"Alkaid Albqoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2021.100312","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk profile of Middle Eastern immigrants living in the United States-the national health interview survey","volume":"9","author":"Yahya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.102341","article-title":"Ta'ani OA, Jabri A, Tarawneh T, ElHamdan A, Naser A, et al. 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