{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:18:21Z","timestamp":1788153501738,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a rare, complicated urinary tract infection characterized by gas formation in and around the bladder wall, often occurring in older adults with diabetes mellitus, urinary tract obstruction, or long-term indwelling urinary catheters. EC can be easily misdiagnosed due to atypical symptoms and signs. Delayed treatment causes life-threatening complications like emphysematous pyelonephritis, bladder perforation, or septic shock. Here, we retrospectively analyzed two cases of EC who had been effectively treated and discharged following antibiotics, strict blood sugar control, bladder irrigation, and symptomatic and supportive treatment. Through literature review, we summarized the clinical characteristics, diagnostic skills, and therapeutic strategies for EC. Our experience may inform the early diagnosis and standardized management to improve the prognosis of EC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1821972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:28:13Z","timestamp":1788150493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emphysematous cystitis treated with targeted antibiotic therapies: a report of two cases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Quanbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan","place":["Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan","place":["Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan","place":["Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408646","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1408646","article-title":"The mystery of abdominal snow-grip sensation: emphysematous cystitis complicated with bladder gangrene and rupture-case report and literature review.","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52540","article-title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae causing emphysematous pyelonephritis: a life-threatening pathogen within Australian communities.","volume":"222","author":"Ong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30893","article-title":"Emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous cystitis in a patient with neurogenic bladder: a case report.","volume":"10","author":"Lachkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570638","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1570638","article-title":"Emphysematous pyelonephritis: eight case reports and literature review.","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"850","article-title":"Cystitis emphysematosa; 19 cases with intraluminal and interstitial collections of gas.","volume":"86","author":"Bailey","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.05.006","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis and pyelitis.","volume":"134","author":"Ching","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768042","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.768042","article-title":"Ruptured emphysematous prostatic abscess caused by k1-st23 hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae presenting as brain abscesses: a case report and literature review.","volume":"8","author":"Konagaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.03.007","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis.","volume":"96","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02464-3","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: delay in diagnosis and treatment complications.","volume":"16","author":"da Silva Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2020.0487","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis.","volume":"117","author":"Kloth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E313","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.191288","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis.","volume":"192","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658682","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.658682","article-title":"Case report: emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis induced by uterine prolapse in a subject with untreated diabetes mellitus.","volume":"8","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2024.10.035","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis detected by point-of-care ultrasound.","volume":"138","author":"Bitar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8343022","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8343022","article-title":"Complex case of emphysematous cystitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient.","volume":"2021","author":"Okello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Nephrol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.4103\/UA.UA_61_20","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: a case report and literature review of 113 cases.","volume":"13","author":"Ranjan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urol Ann"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1821972\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:28:14Z","timestamp":1788150494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1821972\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1821972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1821972","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"article-number":"1821972"}}