{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:13:55Z","timestamp":1789398835043,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dry eye disease (DED) commonly affects postmenopausal women due to hormonal changes that disrupt tear film homeostasis. In Ayurveda, this stage corresponds to Vardhakya (aging), characterized by Vata predominance and Dhatu Kshaya (tissue depletion), making DED comparable to Shushkakshipaka, a Vata-dominant ocular disorder explained in Netra Roga. This study compared the efficacy of Shatavari Ghrita eye drops and Triphala Ghrita eye drops, each administered with systemic Shatavari Ksheerapaka for mild-to-moderate postmenopausal DED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was a randomized, single-blind, active-controlled superiority trial that included 120 postmenopausal women aged 45\u201365\u202fyears with clinically diagnosed mild-to-moderate DED. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) into two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f60 each). Group A received Shatavari Ghrita eye drops (10 drops in both eyes) with oral Shatavari Ksheerapaka (100\u202fmL twice daily before meals), while Group B received Triphala Ghrita (10 drops in both eyes) eye drops with the same systemic regimen. Treatment was administered for 30\u202fdays, followed by evaluations at the end of treatment and on days 45 and 60. Primary outcome measures included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer\u2019s test I, and tear film break-up time (TBUT). Menopause-related quality of life was assessed using the Utian Quality of Life (UQOL) questionnaire. Statistical significance was set at a\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value of &amp;lt; 0.05, and between-group treatment effects were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both groups exhibited significant improvements from baseline in subjective symptoms and objective tear film parameters. Compared with Triphala Ghrita, Shatavari Ghrita produced significantly greater improvement in the OSDI (between-group\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), Schirmer\u2019s test 1 (between-group mean difference 7.25\u202fmm; 95% CI 6.39\u20138.11;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), and TBUT (between-group mean difference 5.10\u202fs; 95% CI 4.49\u20135.71;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). No statistically significant between-group difference was observed in UQOL scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f1.000).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shatavari Ghrita eye drops, administered with systemic Shatavari Ksheerapaka, were more effective than Triphala Ghrita eye drops in improving dry eye symptoms, tear secretion, and tear film stability in postmenopausal women with mild-to-moderate DED. These findings support Shatavari Ghrita as a promising Ayurvedic therapeutic option for the management of postmenopausal dry eye disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CTRI\/2023\/06\/054213.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1824324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:37:17Z","timestamp":1784738237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative efficacy of Shatavari Ghrita eye drops with Shatavari Ksheerapaka versus Triphala Ghrita eye drops with Shatavari Ksheerapaka in postmenopausal ocular surface disease: a randomized, single-blind trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"B. N.","family":"Ashwini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Shalakya Tantra, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","place":["Amritapuri, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sivabalaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Shalakya Tantra, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","place":["Amritapuri, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshna","family":"Bhutada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Shalakya Tantra, Mahatama Gandhi Ayurveda College Hospital and Research Centre, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU)","place":["Wardha, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramya Shruthi","family":"Janardhanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Shalakya Tantra, Ayurveda College","place":["Coimbatore, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4390; 4391","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0770","article-title":"The ocular surface: the challenge to enable and protect vision: the Friedenwald lecture","volume":"48","author":"Gipson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071398","article-title":"Dry eye management: targeting the ocular surface microenvironment","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.JMH_41_17","article-title":"Dry eye syndrome in menopause and perimenopausal age group","volume":"8","author":"Peck","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2887_22","article-title":"Hormones and dry eye disease","volume":"71","author":"Gorimanipalli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/s00029394(03)00218-6","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye syndrome among US women","volume":"136","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Astanga Samgraha of Vrddha Vagbhata,Sootrasthana: Ayushkameeya: Chapter 1, Verse 12","author":"Sarma","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Madhava Nidana of Madhavakara with Madhukosha Commentary. 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