{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:13:25Z","timestamp":1778739205506,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM), particularly during the induction phase. Identifying real-world infection patterns and predictors is crucial for guiding preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 161 newly diagnosed MM patients who received standard induction therapy at a single tertiary center between 2016 and 2024. Clinical, laboratory, and infection-related parameters were analyzed, with infection during the first 6 months defined as the primary outcome and 12-months analyses as secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infections occurred in 50.9% of patients, with the highest incidence within the first 3 months (27.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004). Pneumonia was the most common type (34.1%), and gram-negative bacteria, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were predominant. Antibiotic resistance to TMP-SMX and levofloxacin was observed in\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Multivariate analysis identified advanced ISS stage (OR: 3.83), diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.64), and chronic kidney disease (OR: 6.01) as independent predictors of infection (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in febrile episodes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.040), suggesting a potential association with immune status, although this finding should be interpreted cautiously. Hospitalization was more common in patients with advanced ISS and kidney disease. No significant differences were found between induction regimens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infections pose a significant burden during the first year of MM treatment, particularly in high-risk patients during early induction. Readily available clinical parameters can aid in early risk stratification. These findings support a risk-adapted approach to infection prevention based on clinical risk factors, particularly during the early phase of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1829429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:44:23Z","timestamp":1778737463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infection incidence, timing, and predictors in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a real-world retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Candan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital","place":["Istanbul, 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Alperen","family":"Tunc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"Demirtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Adana City Training and Research Hospital","place":["Adana, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmet Mert","family":"Yanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bursa City Training and Research Hospital","place":["Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arda","family":"Bayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Secil","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Temiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ceren Uzunoglu","family":"Guren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Ar\u0131kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meral Ulukoylu","family":"Menguc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asu Fergun","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University School of Medicine","place":["Istanbul, 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