{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:07:28Z","timestamp":1776834448313,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A 42-year-old man, a coal miner with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis, dust exposure, and suspected pneumoconiosis, presented with cough, purulent sputum, and intermittent fever for more than 1\u202fmonth. Routine sputum bacterial and fungal cultures, as well as acid-fast bacilli smears, were persistently negative. Chest computed tomography revealed markedly distorted bilateral lung architecture with patchy and nodular opacities, multiple irregular cavitary lesions, emphysema, pulmonary bullae, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. To obtain a definitive diagnosis, a bronchoscopy was safely performed under strict asepsis and painless anesthesia. The procedure showed inflammatory bronchial changes and narrowing of the right upper lobe posterior and dorsal segmental bronchi due to external compression. Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on the MGI VisionSeq 1000 platform detected\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex (349 sequence reads, 53.4% relative abundance). The patient\u2019s condition improved rapidly following a targeted multidrug regimen (clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and amikacin) combined with supportive pneumoconiosis care. This case highlights the vital role of tNGS in differentiating nontuberculous mycobacterial disease from recurrent tuberculosis in patients with complex structural lung damage, enabling timely and precise intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1832417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:32:30Z","timestamp":1776832350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex mimicking recurrent tuberculosis in a patient with suspected pneumoconiosis and destroyed lung diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid targeted next-generation sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College)","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College)","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College)","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa241","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"71","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.2.341","article-title":"Clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from respiratory specimens in Korea","volume":"129","author":"Koh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201303-062OC","article-title":"Nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. Natural course on serial computed tomographic scans","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247034","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1247034","article-title":"Diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex infection utilizing metagenomics next-generation sequencing: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66589","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.66589","article-title":"Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex with adenocarcinoma of the lung: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Mishra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1832417\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:32:58Z","timestamp":1776832378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1832417\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":5,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1832417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1832417","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"article-number":"1832417"}}