{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:01:51Z","timestamp":1785254511111,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the systemic inflammatory responses and outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or non-HBV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center, retrospective study was conducted in Tongji Hospital of Wuhan, China, from 20 January 2020 to 30 March 2020. A total of 215 COVID-19 cases with available test results were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics, and results of laboratory test results, were collected and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 215 included patients, the numbers of patients with current HBV infection, resolved HBV infection, and non-HBV infection were 15, 134, and 66, respectively. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and ferritin, were significantly elevated in the resolved HBV infection group, as well pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and IL-8. Resolved HBV infection was independently associated with elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Patients with resolved HBV infection (59.7%) were more likely to develop into a severe state compared to patients with current HBV infection (46.7%) and non-HBV infection (43.9%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resolved HBV infection is an independent risk factor for patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with resolved HBV infection are more likely to have enhanced systemic inflammatory responses and worse prognoses than those with non-HBV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1835022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:37:30Z","timestamp":1785253050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resolved HBV infection is an independent risk factor for enhanced systemic inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","article-title":"The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(19)30119-0","article-title":"A global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B","volume":"4","author":"Revill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7201a1","article-title":"Screening and testing for hepatitis B virus infection: CDC recommendations - 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