{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:49:35Z","timestamp":1782103775416,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To observe the effectiveness of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment as an adjuvant treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-two children diagnosed with VKC from January 2022 to November 2024 were selected and divided into the IPL group (27 cases, conventional drug therapy combined with IPL treatment) and the control group (35 cases, conventional drug therapy). Symptom and sign indicators were tested before treatment (baseline) and after the end of treatment. The Treatment course, recurrence time and the number of adverse reactions for each group of patients were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no statistically significant difference in the treatment course between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05); IPL treatment independently and significantly extended the recurrence interval in children with VKC (log-rank\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). There were no adverse reaction in either group during the treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IPL can effectively prolong the recurrence interval of VKC, and has good safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1853654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:35:04Z","timestamp":1782102904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The therapeutic effect of IPL on children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Children's Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Clinical Medicine Research Center for Children's Health and Diseases","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Children's Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Clinical Medicine Research Center for Children's Health and Diseases","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Children's Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Clinical Medicine Research Center for Children's Health and Diseases","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuoshuo","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Children's Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Clinical Medicine Research Center for Children's Health and Diseases","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000001181","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: impact on children","volume":"51","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-023-08970-4","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Bruschi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-025-04058-z","article-title":"The therapeutic effect of IPL on children with refractory seasonal allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"25","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2022.0063","article-title":"Intense pulsed light attenuates oxidative stress in perennial allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021517","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v92iS7.12419","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: state of art and update on treatment","volume":"92","author":"Brindisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700675","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"18","author":"Bonini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-313988","article-title":"Steroid-induced glaucoma and blindness in vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"104","author":"Senthil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15450","article-title":"Evidence of epithelial remodelling but not epithelial-mesenchymal transition by transcriptome profiling in vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"77","author":"Leonardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882240","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.882240","article-title":"Diagnosis, management, and treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Asia: recommendations from the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Asia expert working group","volume":"9","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211022153","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an update","volume":"31","author":"Ghiglioni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.12.001","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"64","author":"Singhal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.09.009","article-title":"Conjunctival transcriptome analysis reveals the overexpression of multiple pattern recognition receptors in vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"19","author":"Leonardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Surf."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2016.1242755","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of simultaneous measurement of the tear levels of ccl17, ccl24, and il-16 for the biomarkers of allergic conjunctival disorders","volume":"42","author":"Shoji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13382","article-title":"Is oxidative stress involved in vernal keratoconjunctivitis? Results from a pilot study in children","volume":"26","author":"Zicari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.10.008","article-title":"Management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Navigating a changing treatment landscape","volume":"69","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231199121","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light of upper and lower eyelids in Meibomian gland dysfunction: a prospective multicentric study","volume":"34","author":"Benitez-Del-Castillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.06.002","article-title":"Intense pulsed light treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction: a concise review","volume":"18","author":"Tashbayev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Surf."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006","article-title":"Management and therapy report","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1853654\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:35:08Z","timestamp":1782102908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1853654\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1853654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1853654","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"article-number":"1853654"}}