{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:06:40Z","timestamp":1784696800104,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus is one of the most common concomitant symptoms in patients with end-stage renal disease. It leads to multiple adverse outcomes for patients. Complementary therapies are increasingly used and represent an effective alternative approach. However, the optimal intervention method has not yet been clearly established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy and safety of different complementary therapies in alleviating symptoms of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted in 12 databases and relevant medical websites in accordance with the PRISMA-NMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials published in the database from database inception through December 2025 were included. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) was used to assess the quality of the included literature. High-risk-of-bias studies were excluded and subsequently re-included in the sensitivity analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Bayesian methods with the \u201cgemtc\u201d package and other R packages. The quality of evidence was assessed using the CINeMA online platform.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 29 studies involving 12 complementary and alternative approaches and 1,968 patients were included. The network meta-analysis showed that Acupuncture (SMD = \u22122.12, 95% CI = \u22124.17 to \u22120.13; SUCRA = 0.80), Aromatherapy (SMD = \u22122.05, 95% CI = \u22124.00 to \u22120.08; SUCRA = 0.78), Herbal Medicinal Bath (SMD = \u22121.69, 95% CI = \u22122.67 to \u22120.71; SUCRA = 0.72) and Combination therapy (SMD = \u22121.47, 95% CI = \u22122.53 to \u22120.43; SUCRA = 0.65) were superior to the control group in improving pruritus symptoms. However, when the 9 excluded high-risk-of-bias studies were re-included in a sensitivity analysis, the effects of Acupuncture and other therapies were attenuated and no longer statistically significant. Only Herbal Medicinal Bath maintained a statistically significant and stable effect (SMD = \u22122.40, 95% CI = \u22123.60 to \u22121.21; SUCRA = 0.82).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the efficacy and stability of the current evidence, Herbal Medicinal Bath appears to be the most reliable complementary therapy. Acupuncture shows potential but requires further confirmation through more high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420261279443<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420261279443.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1860437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:39:37Z","timestamp":1784695177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of different complementary therapies on chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shu","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e088104","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088104","article-title":"Global trends and projection of aetiology-based chronic kidney disease incidence from 1990 to 2030: a bayesian age-period-cohort modelling study.","volume":"15","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2025.07.040","article-title":"Optimizing symptom management in people with kidney failure.","volume":"108","author":"Sabanayagam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-025-02221-9","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus and patient-centred outcomes: a systematic review.","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nephrol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sfaf096","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf096","article-title":"CKD-associated pruritus in haemodialysis: a road map for diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"18","author":"Latus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04163-7","article-title":"Prevalence and influencing factors of pruritus in maintenance hemodialysis patients in China: a meta-analysis.","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051108","article-title":"Uremic pruritus: from diagnosis to treatment.","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn431460-20220110-00194","article-title":"Research progress on the pathogenesis and treatment of uremic pruritus.","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Urol Nephrol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-7377.2023.06.031","article-title":"Clinical research progress on pruritus in maintenance hemodialysis patients.","volume":"52","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Shaanxi Med J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S499798","article-title":"Identification and management of CKD-associated pruritus: current insights.","volume":"17","author":"Skrzypczak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol Renov Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sfaf131","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf131","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists in patients with uraemic pruritus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn441217-20250110-00117","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on the management of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (2025 edition).","volume":"41","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Nephrol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.16460\/j.issn1008-9969.2022.17.038","article-title":"Best evidence summary for the management of pruritus in patients with uremia.","volume":"29","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nurs."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.13862\/j.cn43-1446\/r.2024.12.037","article-title":"A meta-analysis of acupuncture for uremic pruritus.","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Guid J Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342788","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1342788","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of acupuncture point stimulation treatments for dialysis patients with uremic pruritus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2024.12.004","article-title":"Effect of aromatherapy on pruritus in people receiving hemodialysis treatment: systematic review.","volume":"34","author":"Avc\u0131","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2513-9","article-title":"Chinese herbal bath therapy for the treatment of uremic pruritus: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"19","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae260","article-title":"Introduction to network meta-analysis: understanding what it is, how it is done, and how it can be used for decision-making.","volume":"194","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12047","DOI":"10.1002\/cesm.12047","article-title":"Standardized mean differences in meta-analysis: cochrane evidence synthesis and methods.","volume":"2","author":"Gallardo-G\u00f3mez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ovid."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X12458724","article-title":"Evidence synthesis for decision making 2: a generalized linear modeling framework for pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"33","author":"Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1515\/ijb-2022-0121","article-title":"Bayesian estimation and prediction for network meta-analysis with contrast-based approach.","volume":"20","author":"Noma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biostat."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1678","article-title":"Avoiding common mistakes in meta-analysis: understanding the distinct roles of Q, I-squared, tau-squared, and the prediction interval in reporting heterogeneity.","volume":"15","author":"Borenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.11","article-title":"Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis.","volume":"1","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1455","article-title":"Outlier detection and influence diagnostics in network meta-analysis.","volume":"11","author":"Noma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104904","article-title":"The effectiveness of different non-pharmacological therapies on cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients:a network meta-analysis.","volume":"160","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.06.015","article-title":"The effect of massage and topical violet oil on the severity of pruritus and dry skin in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"45","author":"Khorsand","year":"2024","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11726-022-1299-3","article-title":"Reduction of serum level of interleukin-2 and pruritus severity after acupuncture at quchi (LI11) in hemodialysis patients: a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.","volume":"20","author":"Ardinata","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Acupunct Tuina Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/jorc.12078","article-title":"Effects of live saxophone music on physiological parameters, pain, mood and itching levels in patients undergoing haemodialysis.","volume":"40","author":"Burrai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ren Care."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62049","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1073\/6\/062049","article-title":"Effects of acupuncture on uremic pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis.","volume":"1073","author":"Phan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh955","article-title":"Acupuncture in haemodialysis patients at the quchi (LI11) acupoint for refractory uraemic pruritus.","volume":"20","author":"Che-Yi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.65521","article-title":"Acupuncture effect on pruritus in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"20","author":"Nahidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-1959.2010.06.374","article-title":"Application of ultraviolet radiation in the treatment of refractory uremic pruritus.","volume":"23","author":"Mo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Inform."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-2376.2025.19.015","article-title":"Effect of traditional Chinese medicine meridian scraping therapy combined with ear stimulation on serum inflammatory factors and efficacy in patients with uremic pruritus.","volume":"38","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Equip."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-8933.2022.03.012","article-title":"Application effect of Chinese herbal bath combined with auricular point embedding beans in patients with uremic hemodialysis pruritus.","volume":"21","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.19787\/j.issn.1008-1879.2020.16.031","article-title":"Clinical nursing observation of Chinese herbal fumigation and washing in treating pruritus in uremic hemodialysis patients.","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Massage Rehabil Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.19381\/j.issn.1001-7585.2025.02.055","article-title":"Effect of Chinese herbal fumigation and washing combined with copper bian scraping and aromatherapy on patients with uremic pruritus.","volume":"38","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Theory Pract."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"168","article-title":"Application of Chinese herbal fumigation and washing combined with acupoint application in clinical nursing of patients with uremic pruritus undergoing peritoneal dialysis.","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"China Mod Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-0979.2014.25.055","article-title":"Observation on the efficacy of Chinese herbal external washing in treating pruritus in hemodialysis patients.","volume":"33","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nei Mongol J Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.13638\/j.issn.1671-4040.2019.01.030","article-title":"Observation on the effect of Chinese herbal external washing combined with hemodialysis in the treatment of uremic pruritus.","volume":"19","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract Clin J Integr Tradit Chin West Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.16040\/j.cnki.cn15-1101.2020.03.011","article-title":"Effect of Chinese herbal external washing combined with hemodialysis in the treatment of uremic pruritus.","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nei Mongol J Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.13493\/j.issn.1672-7878.2018.04-062","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal external washing combined with hemodiafiltration in patients with pruritus and its effects on improvement of pruritus symptoms and biochemical indicators.","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anti-Infect Pharm."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.16458\/j.cnki.1007-0893.2022.02.022","article-title":"Clinical effect of Chinese herbal external washing on pruritus in maintenance hemodialysis patients.","volume":"32","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Shenzhen J Integr Tradit Chin West Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-9875.2023.03.010","article-title":"Application of whole-body Chinese herbal fumigation and washing combined with acupoint massage in patients with pruritus due to end-stage renal disease.","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs Rehabil."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"180","article-title":"Clinical observation on the treatment of uremic pruritus with medicinal thread moxibustion combined with Chinese herbal fumigation and washing.","volume":"36","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sichuan J Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1005-7072.2025.06.058","article-title":"External washing with Yangxue Xiaofeng Zhiyang Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of 37 cases of uremic pruritus.","volume":"32","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Tradit Chin Med Sci Technol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.16821\/j.cnki.hsjx.2021.24.012","article-title":"Application and effect observation of copper bian scraping therapy in patients with uremic pruritus.","volume":"36","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nurs Train."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.16370\/j.cnki.13-1214\/r.2024.05.009","article-title":"Clinical efficacy observation of moxibustion on uremic pruritus in maintenance hemodialysis patients.","volume":"39","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hebei Tradit Chin Med Pharmacol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.13935\/j.cnki.sjzx.250530","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of Jiedu Zhiyang Formula bath as adjunctive therapy for patients with uremic pruritus and its effect on calcium-phosphorus metabolism, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels.","volume":"20","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Integr Tradit West Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.11817\/j.issn.2095-6959.2023.222562","article-title":"Effect of Hufu copper bian scraping on uremic pruritus and its influence on C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels.","volume":"43","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol Res."},{"key":"B51","first-page":"919","article-title":"Observation on the efficacy of auricular acupressure in treating pruritus in maintenance hemodialysis patients.","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Tradit West Nephrol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009-587X.2021.06.008","article-title":"Effect of auricular acupressure on interleukin levels in hemodialysis patients with pruritus.","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Tradit West Nephrol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.32598\/JNACS.2408.1055","article-title":"Effect of manual acupressure (points SP6, SP10, ST36, and LI11) on the uremic pruritus and quality of life in hemodialysis patients: a parallel, randomized controlled trial.","volume":"1","author":"Karjalian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nurs Adv Clin Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3077603","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3077603","article-title":"Effect of dill (anethum graveolens) oil on pruritus and quality of life of hemodialysis patients: a randomized double-blind three-arm controlled trial.","volume":"2024","author":"Shaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Altern Med."},{"key":"B55","first-page":"31","article-title":"Clinical observation and mechanism study of Liangge San enema in treating maintenance hemodialysis uremic pruritus.","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jiangxi J Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctmp.2025.200256","article-title":"Efficacy of a fermented rice extract bath preparation on pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a single-center, randomized, open-label, crossover study.","volume":"7","author":"Suzuki","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Tradit Med Pharmacol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctmp.2024.200138","article-title":"Protective effects of naringin on fipronil-induced cardiovascular and renal dysfunctions in rats.","volume":"5","author":"Ajibade","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Tradit Med Pharmacol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctmp.2024.200191","article-title":"Toxicity assessment of a novel polyherbal formulation with promising nephroprotective effects.","volume":"6","author":"Amarasiri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Tradit Med Pharmacol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3877\/cma.j.issn.2095-3216.2023.06.006","article-title":"Research progress on pathogenesis and treatment of pruritus in maintenance hemodialysis patients.","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Kidney Dis Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13080232","article-title":"Pruritus in palliative care: a narrative review of essential oil-based strategies to alleviate cutaneous discomfort.","volume":"13","author":"Diogo Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diseases."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0296408","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296408","article-title":"Aromatic oil from lavender as an atopic dermatitis suppressant.","volume":"19","author":"Sato","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1860437\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:39:59Z","timestamp":1784695199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1860437\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1860437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1860437","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"article-number":"1860437"}}