{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T04:57:05Z","timestamp":1781672225109,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hangzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology Project","award":["A20251935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A20251935"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017599","name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024C03078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024C03078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Central Government-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Qinghai Province","award":["2024ZY032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZY032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the incidence, types, severity, and risk factors of short-term complications following unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) cervical spine surgery in patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) and cervical myelopathy (CM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively analyzed 107 consecutive patients who underwent UBE cervical spine surgery at a single center between June 2021 and June 2024 (CR:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f68; CM:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f39). Demographic, clinical, and surgical data were collected. Complications were systematically documented and classified using the Clavien-Dindo system. Firth\u2019s penalized logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall complication rate was 12.1% (13\/107). Complications occurred in 7.4% (5\/68) of patients with CR and 20.5% (8\/39) of patients with CM. In the CR group, all complications were minor (Clavien-Dindo Grade I) and resolved with conservative management. In the CM group, complications were more severe, including symptomatic epidural hematoma requiring surgical evacuation (10.3%). Independent risk factors identified by Firth\u2019s penalized logistic regression included age \u226565\u202fyears (OR\u202f=\u202f3.38, 95% CI 1.39\u20138.22,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.007), comorbidities (OR\u202f=\u202f2.70, 95% CI 1.19\u20136.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.017), and laminectomy (versus foraminotomy) (OR\u202f=\u202f3.15, 95% CI 1.36\u20137.30,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.008). The learning curve analysis showed a significantly higher complication rate in the first 20 cases (8\/20, 40.0%) compared with subsequent cases (5\/87, 5.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u202f0.0002). Both groups achieved significant functional improvements at final follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UBE cervical spine surgery demonstrates an acceptable safety profile in patients with cervical radiculopathy. However, patients with cervical myelopathy, particularly those undergoing multi-segment laminectomy and flavectomy, carry higher complication risks. Careful patient selection, surgical planning, and attention to the learning curve are essential to optimize outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1864060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T04:48:52Z","timestamp":1781671732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short term complications and risk factors of unilateral biportal endoscopic cervical spine surgery in patients with cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy: a single center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chengyue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinning","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Medical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongshu","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Qinghai Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Xining, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Medical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Hangzhou Medical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangcai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2003558","article-title":"Degenerative cervical spondylosis","volume":"383","author":"Theodore","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E251","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000284","article-title":"Cervical radiculopathy: epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"28","author":"Woods","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord 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hemiplegia and requiring surgical drainage","volume":"14","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_333_17","article-title":"Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma with stroke manifestations","volume":"14","author":"Emamhadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3193-4","article-title":"Microsurgery or open cervical foraminotomy for cervical radiculopathy? A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Orthop"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1864060\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T04:49:04Z","timestamp":1781671744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1864060\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1864060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1864060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"article-number":"1864060"}}