{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:06:32Z","timestamp":1784700392931,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Air Force Medical University","award":["BKJ21J015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BKJ21J015"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7222186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7222186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Artemisia pollen is a major cause of seasonal respiratory allergy, yet allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) still relies mainly on crude extracts. Art an 3 is a major\n                      <jats:italic>Artemisia annua<\/jats:italic>\n                      pollen allergen, but its therapeutic and immunological features relative to extracts remain unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To compare recombinant Art an 3 (rArt an 3)\u2013based versus extract-based subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in an\n                      <jats:italic>A. annua<\/jats:italic>\n                      pollen\u2013induced murine asthma model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Female BALB\/c mice were sensitized and intranasally challenged with\n                      <jats:italic>A. annua<\/jats:italic>\n                      pollen extract, then treated with Extracts-SCIT, rArt an 3-SCIT, or PBS. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells, splenic cytokines, serum immunoglobulins, and splenic CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell subsets were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both SCIT regimens reduced peribronchial inflammation, goblet-cell mucus, and methacholine-induced AHR versus positive controls; histologic improvement tended to be greater with Extracts-SCIT, whereas AHR improvement was comparable. Extracts-SCIT more clearly decreased BALF eosinophils and IL-5\/IL-17A. rArt an 3-SCIT preferentially increased IL-10 and IFN-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and enhanced splenic Treg\/Th1 responses. Pollen-specific sIgE decreased most with Extracts-SCIT, while rArt an 3-SCIT showed a modest sIgE reduction but a more pronounced increase in pollen-specific sIgG1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>rArt an 3-SCIT showed overall protection comparable to Extracts-SCIT, with a regulatory\/Th1-associated profile characterized by increased Treg\/Th1 responses and pollen-specific sIgG1, supporting rArt an 3 as a molecularly defined AIT candidate for Artemisia pollen allergy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1864362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:52:59Z","timestamp":1784699579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Art an 3 as a candidate recombinant antigen for Artemisia pollen immunotherapy: comparative efficacy and mechanistic insights"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Air Force Clinical College, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Mianyang 404 Hospital","place":["Mianyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Air Force Medical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, 960th Hospital, PLA","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Air Force Clinical College, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiachen","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Unit 93926, PLA","place":["Hotan, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, PLA","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Hebei North University","place":["Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Air Force Medical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Air Force Clinical College, Anhui Medical University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA","place":["Beijing, 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