{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:55:07Z","timestamp":1791273307666,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a chronic degenerative disorder characterized by condylar cartilage degeneration, abnormal subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial inflammation. Its pathogenesis is complex, and effective clinical interventions remain limited. In recent years, the critical role of angiogenesis in TMJOA pathogenesis has garnered increasing attention. During TMJOA progression, angiogenesis interacts dynamically with bone metabolism, playing a key role in the imbalance of subchondral bone remodeling, amplification of synovial inflammation, and acceleration of cartilage degradation. Understanding the specific mechanisms of angiogenesis in TMJOA is of great significance for developing novel therapeutic strategies. This article systematically reviews the core regulatory network of angiogenesis in the pathological mechanisms of TMJOA and prospects future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for mechanistic studies and clinical translation in TMJOA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1866187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:36:32Z","timestamp":1791272192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Angiogenesis in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: an update on mechanisms and research advances"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lingyan","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Gui Yang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaiquan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Gui Yang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Gui Yang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shili","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Gui Yang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Gui Yang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Gui Yang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Gui Yang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Gui Yang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112144-20220530-00288","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: understanding and challenges","volume":"57","author":"Min","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Stoma"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/16270943","article-title":"Prevalence of clinical and radiographic signs of osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint in an older persons community","volume":"39","author":"Schmitter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515574770","article-title":"Current understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of TMJ osteoarthritis","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.09.076","article-title":"Investigation of the clinical and radiographic features of osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joints in adolescents and young adults","volume":"111","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2021.07.001","article-title":"Molecular signaling in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397113666171017113441","article-title":"Potential role of rebamipide in osteoclast differentiation and mandibular condylar cartilage homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Izawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139743","article-title":"Cephalometric analysis of the facial skeletal morphology of female patients exhibiting skeletal class II deformity with and without temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12547","article-title":"Dental and skeletal maturation in female adolescents with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis","volume":"44","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112144-20220430-00226","article-title":"Clinical symptoms and cone-beam CT image analysis in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis associated with unilateral chewing habits[J]","volume":"57","author":"Xiaoting","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Stomatology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4902","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16514","article-title":"Pathological mechanism of chondrocytes and the surrounding environment during osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-2145-y","article-title":"MiR-21-5p regulates extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis in TMJOA by targeting Spry1","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13129","article-title":"HMGB1 Contributes to osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint by inducing synovial angiogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70936","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202501278RR","article-title":"Matrix stiffening-induced SLIT3 activation in chondrocytes drives cartilage degradation and angiogenesis in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Faseb j"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2013.03.008","article-title":"Angiogenic factors in bone local environment","volume":"24","author":"Chim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112144-20240102-00001","article-title":"Research progress on the role of angiogenesis in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis","volume":"59","author":"Fexin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Stoma"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901749","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.901749","article-title":"Interaction of neurovascular signals in the degraded condylar cartilage","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4234","article-title":"Significance of new blood vessels in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80066-7","article-title":"Synovitis in internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: correlation between arthroscopic and histologic findings","volume":"52","author":"Gynther","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(98)90446-3","article-title":"Correlation of inflammatory cytokines with arthroscopic findings in patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangements","volume":"56","author":"Sandler","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.03.028","article-title":"Correlation of arthroscopic and histologic findings in synovial membrane disease of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"78","author":"Hakim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2024.0034","article-title":"The effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile rats","volume":"30","author":"Crossman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2319\/072407-342.1","article-title":"Masseter muscular weakness affects temporomandibular synovitis induced by jaw opening in growing rats","volume":"78","author":"Ozaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200406","article-title":"Correlations of the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and their receptors with angiogenesis in synovial tissues from patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"82","author":"Sato","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2006.09.011","article-title":"Specific expression of substance P in synovial tissues of patients with symptomatic, non-reducing internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: comparison with clinical findings","volume":"45","author":"Sato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.07.013","article-title":"Synovial fluid levels of VEGF and FGF-2 before and after intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a short-term study","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.job.2024.07.007","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue in a rat model of temporomandibular osteoarthritis","volume":"66","author":"Khazeni","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Oral Biosci"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.104599","article-title":"Mandibular lateral deviation induces alteration in vascular endothelial growth factor expression and oxidative stress\/nitric oxide generation in rat condyle, synovial membrane and masseter muscle","volume":"110","author":"Stoji\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2012.01501.x","article-title":"Alterations in intermediate filaments expression in disc cells from the rat temporomandibular joint following exposure to continuous compressive force","volume":"220","author":"Magara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.01.014","article-title":"Expression of VEGF-receptors in TMJ synovium of rabbits with experimentally induced internal derangement","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12155","article-title":"Identification of the vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway by quantitative proteomic analysis of rat condylar cartilage","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.10.028","article-title":"Roles of hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 in the temporomandibular joint","volume":"73","author":"Mino-Oka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20749","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals neurovascular-osteochondral network crosstalk during temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: pilot study in a human condylar cartilage","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01290","article-title":"Estrogen-Related receptor \u03b3 induces angiogenesis and extracellular matrix degradation of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in rats","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3388","article-title":"Positive-Feedback regulation of subchondral H-type vessel formation by chondrocyte promotes osteoarthritis development in mice","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13146","article-title":"Endothelial notch activity promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone","volume":"507","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13145","article-title":"Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone","volume":"507","author":"Kusumbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211002120","article-title":"Identification of type H vessels in mice mandibular condyle","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00656-0","article-title":"Sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia regulate endothelial cell function in extracellular matrix remodelling","volume":"18","author":"Leroux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838434","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.838434","article-title":"Current insights into the role of neuropeptide Y in skin physiology and pathology","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2022.8114","article-title":"Serum netrin-1 and netrin receptor levels in fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis","volume":"68","author":"K\u00f6hle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038808","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2023.1038808","article-title":"The degeneration-pain relationship in the temporomandibular joint: current understandings and rodent models","volume":"4","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pain Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1866187\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:36:35Z","timestamp":1791272195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1866187\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1866187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1866187","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"article-number":"1866187"}}