{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:55:57Z","timestamp":1781762157771,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The American Heart Association recommends using end-tidal carbon dioxide during cardiac arrest for advanced airway confirmation and for monitoring and optimizing cardiopulmonary resuscitation; practice patterns of its use during in-hospital cardiac arrest are not well described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the prospectively collected get with the guidelines-resuscitation registry to characterize trends and hospital-level variation in end-tidal carbon dioxide use for airway confirmation in arrests with a newly placed airway, and to monitor cardiopulmonary resuscitation in arrests with a new or prior airway. Proportions were displayed by month from 2000 to 2023. Hospital use rates were displayed visually and calculated for contemporary practice (2019\u20132023). Proportions were reported using means or medians depending on the distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 257,057 in-hospital cardiac arrests with a new airway, 92.6% were confirmed with end-tidal carbon dioxide in 2019\u20132023. Among the 554,693 in-hospital cardiac arrests with either a new airway or an airway already in place, 35.3% had end-tidal carbon dioxide applied for monitoring cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 2019\u20132023. There was little variation in hospital proportions for airway confirmation, with a median of 94.0%; however, a high degree of variation was observed across hospitals for monitoring cardiopulmonary resuscitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>End-tidal carbon dioxide application is widespread for confirming airway placement during in-hospital cardiac arrest, but gaps remain in adherence to guideline recommendations for monitoring cardiopulmonary resuscitation with end-tidal carbon dioxide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1868798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:34:21Z","timestamp":1781760861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends and variation in use of end-tidal carbon dioxide during in-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Luke","family":"Andrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Medical Center","place":["Bronx, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M","family":"Kimbrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Medical Center","place":["Bronx, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Kolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newark Beth Israel Medical Center","place":["Newark, NJ, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M","family":"Nassal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Moskowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Medical Center","place":["Bronx, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S366","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000916","article-title":"Part 3: adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"142","author":"Panchal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S444","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000261","article-title":"Part 7: adult advanced cardiovascular life support: 2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"132","author":"Link","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S729","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.110.970988","article-title":"Part 8: adult advanced cardiovascular life support: 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"122","author":"Neumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"IV-78","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.166559","article-title":"Part 7.4: monitoring and medications. 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