{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:24:14Z","timestamp":1786947854667,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasound in intrauterine device (IUD) embedment complicated by bladder stone formation and to discuss the clinical approach to diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, ultrasound findings, imaging studies, and surgical course of a patient who underwent IUD removal due to family planning. Relevant literature was reviewed and discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient presented for IUD removal and transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound revealed an abnormally positioned IUD with downward displacement and rotation, with one arm penetrating through the uterine serosa toward the bladder wall. Echogenic foci with acoustic shadowing were observed in the bladder. Pelvic CT confirmed IUD embedment with penetration through the uterus into the bladder and bladder stone formation. After infection control, the patient underwent multi-endoscope combined minimally invasive surgery. Intraoperative findings confirmed the ultrasound diagnosis. The patient recovered well postoperatively without complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound can clearly demonstrate the position and morphology of the IUD and its spatial relationship with the uterus and bladder. It is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing IUD embedment complicated by bladder stone formation and provides important evidence for surgical planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1872750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:25:47Z","timestamp":1786944347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine device embedment complicated by bladder stone formation: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University Affiliated Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunming","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University Affiliated Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University Affiliated Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiachuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University Affiliated Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"598","article-title":"Ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine device ectopic to bladder complicated by stone formation: a case report","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J China Clinic Med Imaging."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581697","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/581697","article-title":"Intravesical migration of missed intrauterine device associated with stone formation: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"2015","author":"Kart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Urol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0413-x","article-title":"Urinary complications of migrated intrauterine contraceptive 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intrauterine contraceptive device","volume":"172","author":"Hick","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"101441","article-title":"Intravesical migration of intrauterine device with stone formation: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Sallami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.01.007","article-title":"Risk of uterine perforation with levonorgestrel-releasing and copper intrauterine devices in the European active surveillance study on intrauterine devices","volume":"91","author":"Heinemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contraception."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"1038","article-title":"Clinical analysis of intrauterine device ectopic to bladder complicated by bladder stone","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Urol Nephrol."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"146","article-title":"Treatment of intrauterine device ectopic bladder stone with cystoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy combined with foreign body forceps IUD removal","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Urol Nephrol."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"179","article-title":"Ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine device penetrating uterus to bladder with secondary stone formation: a case report","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chinese J Ultrasonograp."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-011-1632-8","article-title":"Intrauterine device embedded into the bladder wall with stone formation: laparoscopic removal is a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery","volume":"23","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment analysis of intrauterine device ectopic to bladder with stone formation: a case report","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater Child Health Care China."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"125","article-title":"Clinical value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosing intrauterine device embedment","volume":"55","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"China Modern Doctor."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00240-3","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of intra-uterine device migrating to bladder using radiographic image of calculus formation and review of literature","volume":"108","author":"Oz\u00e7elik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1872750\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:25:49Z","timestamp":1786944349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1872750\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1872750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1872750","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"article-number":"1872750"}}