{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:59:56Z","timestamp":1790312396238,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of deproteinized calf blood extract (DCBE) with or without punctal plugs compared with preservative-free sodium hyaluronate in patients with ocular surface disease (OSD) associated with long-term anti-glaucoma therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group I (DCBE plus punctal plugs), Group II (DCBE alone), and a control group (preservative-free 0.1% sodium hyaluronate). All patients continued their anti-glaucoma regimens throughout the study. Ocular symptoms, tear film parameters, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed at baseline, one month, and two months post-treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Numerical improvements in OSDI, TBUT, and CFS were observed in the DCBE-treated groups during follow-up. At 2 months, the difference between Group I and the control group favored Group I for OSDI (mean difference, \u221210.82; 95% CI, \u221220.80 to \u22120.84) and CFS (mean difference, \u22120.70; 95% CI, \u22121.33 to \u22120.07), but neither remained statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons (Holm-adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.104 and.091, respectively). No significant between-group difference in TBUT was observed. Schirmer I test and meibum scores also did not differ significantly between Group I and the control group. At 2 months, IOP was lower in Group I than in the control group (mean difference, \u22121.90 mmHg; 95% CI, \u22123.10 to \u22120.70; Holm-adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.009); this was considered an exploratory finding.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DCBE-based treatment was associated with favorable short-term changes in several ocular surface outcomes in glaucoma-associated OSD. Addition of punctal plugs was associated with favorable numerical changes, although significant between-group ocular surface differences were not demonstrated after correction for multiple comparisons. The observed IOP reduction was exploratory and should not be interpreted as evidence that OSD treatment directly improves IOP control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1881940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:26:18Z","timestamp":1790310378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deproteinized calf blood extract With or without punctal plugs versus preservative-free sodium hyaluronate for glaucoma-associated ocular surface disease: a three-arm randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, 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