{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T11:47:03Z","timestamp":1785757623168,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-PA) refers to\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    that is non-susceptible to all first-line antimicrobial agents. With limited therapeutic options available, it poses a severe challenge to anti-infective therapy. For central nervous system infections caused by DTR-PA (DTR-PA-CNSI), the selection of antimicrobial agents is further restricted due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. The continuous emergence of novel antimicrobial agents, especially new \u03b2-lactam antimicrobials, has provided more therapeutic alternatives for DTR-PA infections. This paper mainly discusses the pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic studies and clinical research of traditional antimicrobial agents (ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, aztreonam-avibactam, and cefiderocol) and novel antimicrobial agents (aminoglycosides, polymyxins, and fosfomycin) in the treatment of DTR-PA-CNSI, to evaluate their feasibility and the selection of therapeutic regimens for DTR-PA-CNSI and provide new strategies for clinical medication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1885309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T11:10:15Z","timestamp":1785755415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment of central nervous system infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chun","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital","place":["Zigong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaozhi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111459","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes for multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in immunocompromised 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