{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:40:25Z","timestamp":1791013225448,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify latent profiles of moral sensitivity among operating room nurses and to examine factors influencing these profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2025. A total of 579 operating room nurses from 18 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China, were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised Version (MSQ-R-CV), the Nurse Work Environment Perception Questionnaire, and the Role Clarity Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed using Mplus 8.0. Binary logistic regression was conducted using SPSS 26.0 to identify independently associated factors of latent profile membership.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two distinct latent profiles were identified: a low moral sensitivity group (42.8%) and a high moral sensitivity group (57.2%). Binary logistic regression revealed that gender (male vs. female: OR = 44.27, 95% CI: 5.34\u2013366.93,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), age (\u226545 years vs. &amp;lt; 25 years: OR = 9.33, 95% CI: 3.87\u201322.51,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), years of experience (5\u201310 years vs. 1\u20135 years: OR = 22.64, 95% CI: 10.53\u201348.70,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), and role clarity (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.14,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) were significant independently associated factors of high moral sensitivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The identification of a substantial low-sensitivity subgroup underscores the urgent need for targeted ethics training, particularly for younger and less experienced female nurses. Future targeted interventions focusing on role clarification, particularly for younger, less experienced, and female nurses, may effectively enhance moral sensitivity in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1889711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:32:07Z","timestamp":1786685527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Latent profiles of moral sensitivity and its associated factors among operating room nurses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiu-yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operating Room, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operating Room, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operating Room, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operating Room, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-li","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operating Room, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong-hua","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13010-022-00126-0","article-title":"The severity of moral distress in nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Salari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Philos Ethics Humanit Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2024.07.017","article-title":"Does sense of coherence buffer the effects of moral dilemmas faced by psychiatric nurses in Japan? A cross-sectional study","volume":"52","author":"Hisadomi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733016646155","article-title":"Nurse ethical sensitivity: an integrative review","volume":"25","author":"Milliken","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs Ethics."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.16460\/j.issn1008-9969.2021.19.059","article-title":"Chain mediating effects of moral sensitivity and job embeddedness between nurses' perceived managerial care and job satisfaction (in Chinese)","volume":"28","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nurs."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.13723\/j.yxysh.2021.05.022","article-title":"Correlation analysis of vocational values, moral sensitivity, and nursing ethical decision-making ability among undergraduate nursing students at a university in Henan Province (in Chinese)","volume":"34","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Soc."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.16821\/j.cnki.hsjx.2020.16.002","article-title":"Study on the correlation between nurse ethical sensitivity and empathy ability in tertiary hospitals (in Chinese)","volume":"35","author":"Chen XL Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nurse Adv Stud."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3870\/j.issn.1001-4152.2021.14.110","article-title":"Advances in research on nurse moral sensitivity (in Chinese)","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nurs."},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Latent Variable Modeling and Applications of Mplus\u2014Advanced Edition","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Xiao\n              SZ\n            \n          \n          Beijing\n          Peking University Medical Press\n          Guide to Nursing Research Practice and Thesis Writing (in Chinese)\n          \n          2010"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733015583183","article-title":"Cross-cultural validation of the moral sensitivity questionnaire-revised Chinese version","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurs Ethics."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1177\/09697330251366611","article-title":"Moral distress and nursing competence: the mediating role of moral sensitivity and ethical climate","volume":"32","author":"Oh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nurs Ethics."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1177\/09697330231222595","article-title":"Impacts of ethical climate and ethical sensitivity on caring efficacy","volume":"31","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurs Ethics."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/106286060401900204","article-title":"Patient and staff safety: voluntary reporting","volume":"19","author":"Blegen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual."},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"The relationship among hospital safety climate, work environment, demographic characteristics, and barriers to medication error reporting (dissertation) (in Chinese)","author":"Jiang","year":"2011"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2307\/2391486","article-title":"Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations","volume":"15","author":"Rizzo","year":"1970","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396","article-title":"Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: a monte carlo simulation study","volume":"14","author":"Nylund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2013.824781","article-title":"Statistical power to detect the correct number of classes in latent profile analysis","volume":"20","author":"Tein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-0334.2015.02.012","article-title":"Authentic leadership in teams, new employee feedback-seeking behavior, and socialization outcomes (in Chinese)","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Manag Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.12102\/j.issn.1009-6493.2022.18.035","article-title":"Status and influencing factors of nurse ethical sensitivity in a tertiary pediatric hospital (in Chinese)","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs Res."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"19","article-title":"Status and influencing factors of moral sensitivity among psychiatric nurses (in Chinese)","volume":"30","author":"He FR Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nurs Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-024-01128-7","article-title":"Ethics in the operating room: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Milch","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.16460\/j.issn1008-9969.2023.16.019","article-title":"Gender differences in empathy: evidence from a meta-analysis (in Chinese)","volume":"34","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Dev Educ."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-0399.2025.03.019","article-title":"Status and influencing factors of moral sensitivity among pediatric nurses in tertiary grade. A hospitals in Sichuan Province (in Chinese)","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anhui Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3870\/j.issn.1001-4152.2021.13.051","article-title":"Status and influencing factors of nurse ethical sensitivity among nurses in tertiary hospitals (in Chinese)","volume":"36","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nurs."},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"A study on the development status and cultivation strategies of moral sensitivity among junior high school students: a case study in L city, S province (master's thesis) (in Chinese)","author":"Xin","year":"2024"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2307\/3560621","article-title":"psychologist looks at the teaching of ethics","volume":"12","author":"Rest","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hastings Cent Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23333936241271271","DOI":"10.1177\/23333936241271271","article-title":"Beyond burnout: nurses' perspectives on chronic suffering during and after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Powell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob Qual Nurs Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3870\/j.issn.1001-4152.2023.22.073","article-title":"Influence of role clarity among oncology nurses on sense of dignified labor (in Chinese)","volume":"38","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nurs."},{"key":"B29","article-title":"The social identity theory of intergroup behavior","volume-title":"Psychology of Intergroup Relations","author":"Worchel","year":"1986"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02173-8","article-title":"Mediating effect of moral sensitivity and professional identity between moral courage and compassion fatigue among nursing interns: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792805","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1792805","article-title":"Nursing work environment and moral sensitivity as factors influencing nurses' safety behaviors: the mediating role of professional identity","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Public Health."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1889711\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:32:15Z","timestamp":1786685535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1889711\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1889711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1889711","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"article-number":"1889711"}}