{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:14:47Z","timestamp":1788538487423,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University","award":["QU-APC-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QU-APC-2026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mechanical ventilation is a cornerstone of intensive care, requiring ICU nurses to have adequate knowledge, competence, and skills to provide safe, evidence-based care. Although educational programs improve nurses\u2019 preparedness, evidence of their impact on patient outcomes remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess ICU nurses\u2019 knowledge, professional competence, and clinical practice related to mechanical ventilation following participation in a structured educational program, and to explore the association between nursing competence and patient severity as measured by APACHE II scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quasi-experimental study design was conducted in the Egyptian Health Care Authority Hospitals in Port Said Governorate. A convenience sample was used. The study involved one group of ICU nurses evaluated pre- and post-educational program, and two separate cohorts of mechanically ventilated patients (50 each) admitted before and after intervention. Nurses and patients were not paired, and patient cohorts differed in case-mix profiles. Four validated assessment tools were utilized to measure nurses\u2019 knowledge, competence, clinical skills &amp;amp; patients\u2019 demographic and clinical data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ICU nurses demonstrated significantly higher post-training scores in knowledge, professional competence, and clinical performance compared with their pre-training scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Moreover, a substantial contrast in APACHE II scores was noted between patient groups before and after the intervention (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Nevertheless, given that APACHE II evaluates the severity of illness upon ICU admission within the initial 24\u202fh and the patient cohorts were distinct, the observed difference is more likely due to diversities in case complexity rather than an impact directly linked to the educational program.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participation in the educational program was associated with higher immediate post-training scores in ICU nurses\u2019 knowledge, professional competence, and clinical performance. The APACHE II scores of the pre- and post-intervention patient cohorts differed; however, this does not prove that the educational program had a direct impact on patient outcomes. Further multicenter studies with controlled designs are needed to better evaluate the relationship between educational interventions and patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1891958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:32:12Z","timestamp":1787812332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing nurses\u2019 competence in mechanical ventilation: a quasi-experimental study and its association with patient severity using APACHE II"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Noha Mohammed","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha","place":["Bisha, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port-Said University","place":["Port Said, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia Eaid","family":"Elgazzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port-Said University","place":["Port Said, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany Ibrahim Ezz","family":"Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Inaya College of Nursing, Inaya Medical Colleges","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdo Mansoor","family":"Alhusami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Inaya College of Nursing, Inaya Medical Colleges","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Thamar University","place":["Dhamar, Yemen"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona Metwally","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community, Psychiatric, and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Goda","family":"Elbqry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Medical City, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University","place":["Ismailia, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Mohamed","family":"Elmansy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Medical City, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University","place":["Ismailia, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen Ahmed A.","family":"Qalawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port-Said University","place":["Port Said, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasiru Mohammed","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community, Psychiatric, and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Medical City, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saddam Ahmed","family":"Al-Ahdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanadi","family":"Dakhilallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Administration and Education, College of Nursing, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheren Ebrahim El-Hag","family":"El-Tahry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port-Said University","place":["Port Said, Egypt"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura National 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