{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:26:42Z","timestamp":1787030802869,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To investigate changes in peripheral refraction in both horizontal and vertical meridians after long-term orthokeratology and their correlation with axial elongation (AE).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Children aged 8 to 14 years were fitted with orthokeratology lenses. Axial length and peripheral refraction, from 12 locations in the horizontal and vertical meridians, were measured at baseline and every 6 months over the study period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 39 subjects were recruited, with a mean AE of 0.38 \u00b1 0.17 mm at 24 months. Except superior 5\u00b0 (S5\u00b0), relative peripheral refraction (RPR) showed significant myopic defocus at all locations (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2264 0.003) after orthokeratology. Except temporal 20\u00b0 (T20\u00b0) and 30\u00b0 (T30\u00b0), peripheral vertical (90\u00b0)\/horizontal (180\u00b0) astigmatism component (J\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n ) changed significantly (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2264 0.045) and except nasal 30\u00b0 (N30\u00b0), peripheral oblique (45\u00b0 and 135\u00b0) astigmatism component (J\n 45<\/jats:sub>\n ) changed significantly (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2264 0.022). Except 18 months, the AE of each follow-up was negatively correlated with J\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n at inferior 5\u00b0 (I5\u00b0) (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.371, \u22120.364, \u22120.496,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.033, 0.041, 0.007, respectively), J\n 45<\/jats:sub>\n at N10\u00b0 (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.401, \u22120.348, \u22120.417,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.019, 0.048, 0.024, respectively) and I10\u00b0 (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.415, \u22120.512, \u22120.471,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.018, 0.003, 0.011, respectively), as measured at 6 months. The 18-month AE was only negatively correlated with the 6-month J\n 45<\/jats:sub>\n at I10\u00b0 (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.415,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.031). Multiple linear regression models were established to assess the relationship between AE and the 6-month J\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n at I5\u00b0, J\n 45<\/jats:sub>\n at N10\u00b0, J\n 45<\/jats:sub>\n at I10\u00b0 (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.340, 0.336, 0.263, 0.430,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.010, 0.013, 0.077, 0.004, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Significant changes in RPR, J\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n and J\n 45<\/jats:sub>\n were observed at most locations in the horizontal and vertical meridians after orthokeratology. Partial peripheral astigmatism components measured at 6 months demonstrated significant predictive value for the long-term efficacy of orthokeratology in myopia control.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1893370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:12Z","timestamp":1787027292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in horizontal and vertical peripheral refraction and their predictive value for myopia control after orthokeratology: a 2-year prospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Renai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, 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