{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:00:38Z","timestamp":1785128438252,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolution of modern healthcare is transitioning from a reactive, disease-centered paradigm (Medicine 2.0) toward a proactive, personalised model focused on maximising healthspan (Medicine 3.0). While this shift represents a vital optimisation of medical philosophy, it remains critically incomplete. This Perspective proposes a new paradigm (Medicine 4.0) which adds a foundational third dimension to the lifespan-healthspan model: radical access to both medical services and scientific ideas. The author analyses how commercial incentives, regulatory frameworks, and market forces frequently distort the production of scientific evidence, marginalise transformative, low-cost treatments, and delay paradigm shifts. Furthermore, the author examines the dual-edged nature of emerging digital health technologies, warning that monetisation through paywalls and engagement-driven ad models risks ossifying existing public health inequalities rather than democratising care. By realigning institutional incentives and dismantling structural obstructions to inquiry, Medicine 4.0 advocates for a return to the foundational Baconian principle that scientific knowledge must serve humanity. Ultimately, the author argues that medical progress must be evaluated not merely by its technological surface area, but by its total societal volume.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1903811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T04:25:53Z","timestamp":1785126353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medicine 4.0: the era of revolutionary access"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chris","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Outlive: The Science and art of 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