{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:54:54Z","timestamp":1790747694153,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) remains challenging, particularly when external indicators are unreliable. Sternal bone marrow may provide a relatively stable substrate for PMI assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational autopsy-based study evaluated sternal bone marrow from 105 medico-legal autopsy cases with known PMI. Giemsa-stained aspirates were graded (1-5) for nuclear and cytoplasmic autolytic changes and grouped into five PMI intervals (&amp;lt;9 h to &amp;gt;27 h).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A highly significant association was observed between PMI and cellular degradation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). Early intervals showed preserved morphology, intermediate intervals showed nuclear budding and vacuolation, and advanced intervals demonstrated nuclear fragmentation, debris, and structural loss.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sternal bone marrow cytology demonstrates a significant time-dependent association with PMI and may serve as a low-cost complementary tool during the early to intermediate post-mortem period. Further studies are required to establish its predictive accuracy and reproducibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1904465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:56:31Z","timestamp":1790744191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bone marrow cytology as an adjunct tool for post-mortem interval estimation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Treasa","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["Bathinda, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["Bathinda, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["Bathinda, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjit Kaur","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, AIIMS","place":["Bathinda, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, AIIMS","place":["Bathinda, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["Bathinda, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya Swaroop","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS","place":["Bathinda, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.05.018","article-title":"Human decomposition and the reliability of a \u201cuniversal\u201d model for postmortem interval estimations","volume":"253","author":"Cockle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12060783","article-title":"Estimation of late postmortem interval: where do we stand? 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