{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:49:32Z","timestamp":1791355772388,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) may be associated with a more favorable short-term inpatient profile after lumbar fusion, but whether these associations differ by admission status remains unclear. In this retrospective observational analysis of repeated cross-sectional 2016\u20132022 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) discharge data, hospitalizations of adults undergoing lumbar fusion were identified and stratified as elective or non-elective. The exposure was defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Procedure Coding System-coded approach as percutaneous-based (percutaneous\/percutaneous-endoscopic) vs. open fusion. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression accounted for the NIS\u2019s complex design and adjusted for demographics, hospital characteristics, fusion extent, indication\/case-mix, and individual Elixhauser comorbidities; formal approach-by-admission interactions were tested. A total of 174,704 hospitalizations met the inclusion criteria. In elective admissions, percutaneous-based fusion was associated with lower odds of blood product transfusion (aOR 0.448, 95% CI 0.311\u20130.644), acute posthemorrhagic anemia (aOR 0.591, 95% CI 0.475\u20130.736), and prolonged length of stay (aOR 0.774, 95% CI 0.656\u20130.914). In non-elective admissions, it was associated with lower odds of acute posthemorrhagic anemia (aOR 0.669, 95% CI 0.491\u20130.912) and non-home discharge (aOR 0.666, 95% CI 0.502\u20130.883). Significant approach-by-admission interactions were observed for blood product transfusion (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.037) and non-home discharge (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.022). These findings indicate that the short-term association profile of percutaneous-based vs. open lumbar fusion differs across admission settings and specific in-hospital measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1906068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:50:07Z","timestamp":1791352207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In-hospital events and resource utilization associated with percutaneous-based vs. open lumbar fusion, stratified by admission status: a national inpatient sample analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Orthopedics, Zhumadian Central Hospital","place":["Zhumadian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Orthopedics, Zhumadian Central Hospital","place":["Zhumadian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e316","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990\u20132020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet 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