{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:28:07Z","timestamp":1787304487373,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poor medication adherence is a major challenge in healthcare for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly those with long disease duration, multiple comorbidities, and complex therapeutic regimens. This case report describes the application of pharmacist-led MTM (medication therapy management) in a patient with T2DM presenting complex therapeutic regimens and poor adherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 76-year-old female with a 30-year history of T2DM complicated by diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, coronary atherosclerosis, and severe osteoporosis. The patient presented with poor glycemic control and severe medication nonadherence, which was characterized by frequent missed doses, irregular glucose monitoring, and forgotten weekly semaglutide injections. A clinical pharmacist conducted comprehensive MTM, including a full medication review, patient education, systematic medication and blood glucose monitoring, development of an optimized treatment plan in collaboration with the medical team, and ongoing follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 3\u202fmonths, glycemic control improved significantly, with fasting blood glucose at 7.6\u202fmmol\/L, postprandial glucose at 10.2\u202fmmol\/L, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 7.3%. The Medication Adherence Report Scale-5 (MARS-5) score increased from 8 to 21, and no severe hypoglycemic events or other adverse drug reactions occurred during hospitalization or follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improvements in medication adherence and clinical outcomes were achieved following comprehensive pharmacist-led medication therapy management integrated with individualized clinical management in this case.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1910565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:10:25Z","timestamp":1787303425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacist-led medication therapy management improving medication adherence in a patient with type 2 diabetes: case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Editorial Office, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538143","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1538143","article-title":"Global burden and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1990 to 2021, with forecasts to 2050","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0034","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes 2022. 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Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes\u20142026","volume":"49","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85992","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.85992","article-title":"Challenges and strategies in medication Management for Patients with Multiple Comorbidities","volume":"17","author":"Adeyemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108596","article-title":"Factors associated with adherence or nonadherence to insulin therapy among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review","volume":"37","author":"Skriver","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-024-01564-z","article-title":"Effectiveness, simplification and persistence of IDegLira in poorly controlled people with type 2 diabetes: a 4-year follow-up real-world study","volume":"15","author":"Di Loreto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14522","article-title":"DUAL II China: superior HbA1c reductions and weight loss with insulin degludec\/liraglutide (IDegLira) versus insulin degludec in a randomized trial of Chinese people with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulinJ","volume":"23","author":"Pei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17373","article-title":"Pharmacist-led interventions to improve medication adherence in older adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Marcum","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-025-00254-4","article-title":"Impact of medication therapy management intervention on medication adherence among adult patients comorbid with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at outpatient clinics in Southwest Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Sheleme","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol Endocrinol Rep"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S180256","article-title":"Effectiveness of pharmacist-led educational interventions on self-care activities and glycemic control of type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Bukhsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1910565\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:10:26Z","timestamp":1787303426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1910565\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1910565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1910565","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"article-number":"1910565"}}