{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:13:45Z","timestamp":1788416025379,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty is an important predictor of adverse health outcomes in older adults, but evidence from community settings in Vietnam remains limited. This study examined the association between frailty and adverse health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective cohort study, 1,208 community-dwelling older adults were assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and followed for 12 months. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, falls, and hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent association between frailty and adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the participants, 59.9% were robust, 7.8% vulnerable, 31.2% had mild-to-moderate frailty, and 1.2% had severe frailty. During follow-up, 23.6% experienced at least one adverse outcome. Event rates increased progressively across frailty categories, from 9.7% in robust participants to 64.3% in those with severe frailty (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for trend &amp;lt;0.001). After adjustment for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and cognitive impairment, frailty remained independently associated with adverse outcomes (adjusted OR per one-point increase in CFS: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.67\u20132.11;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty was highly prevalent and strongly associated with adverse health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults. These findings support the use of the Clinical Frailty Scale to identify community-dwelling older adults who may benefit from closer monitoring and targeted preventive care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1910694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:23:31Z","timestamp":1788413011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Frailty Scale and 12-month adverse health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults in Vietnam: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ha Bich Thi","family":"Trinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City","place":["Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Geriatrics and Older Adults Leading Research Group, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City","place":["Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kien Gia","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City","place":["Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tan Van","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City","place":["Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Geriatrics and Older Adults Leading Research Group, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City","place":["Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thong Nhat Hospital","place":["Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2024"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","article-title":"Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health","volume":"394","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31785-4","article-title":"Management of frailty: opportunities, challenges, and future directions","volume":"394","author":"Dent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051","article-title":"A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people","volume":"173","author":"Rockwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01801-7","article-title":"A scoping review of the Clinical Frailty Scale","volume":"20","author":"Church","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e018195","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018195","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Siriwardhana","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203869","article-title":"Frailty prevalence and association with health-related quality of life impairment among rural community-dwelling older adults in Vietnam","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics7040085","article-title":"Frailty and associated factors among the elderly in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Huynh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"Von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","article-title":"Studies of illness in the aged. 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