{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:09:41Z","timestamp":1788786581851,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rapid increase in the global incidence of myopia poses challenges for prevention and management. Evidence-based low-concentration atropine eye drops can effectively slow down the progression of myopia. However the massive and constantly updated research data place a burden on clinicians, especially in primary care or regions with limited resources, hindering knowledge integration and evidence-based decision-making. There is still a gap in patients' access to reliable and personalized guidance. To address this issue, we developed MyoATP-AI-powered evidence based decision support system specifically designed for low-concentration atropine myopia control, built upon a GraphRAG and chain-of-thought reasoning architecture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed (2000\u20132025) for literature on \u201catropine, myopia\u201d, screening 104 relevant clinical articles and constructing a specialized dataset. Based on this, we developed MyoATP-AI, an AI-assisted diagnostic system combining GraphRAG and chain-of-thought reasoning. The knowledge graph structure was optimized through community detection and graph embedding. System performance was evaluated using the BLEU, ROUGE, and RAGAS frameworks. Five ophthalmologists rated the system's safety, professionalism, fluency, comprehensiveness, and satisfaction. Finally, we compared the 2024 consensus opinion with MyoATP-AI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MyoATP-AI demonstrated excellent performance in fidelity, relevance, and context recall. The automated scoring was high: BLEU (0.9479), ROUGE-1 (0.969), ROUGE-L (0.9677), fidelity (0.947), answer relevance (0.9587), and context recall rate (0.925). Experts gave highly positive evaluations of the system across all dimensions, indicating its great potential in clinical decision support and patient education, as it can provide safe, professional, fluent, and comprehensive responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MyoATP-AI is a knowledge graph-based question-answering system that integrates GraphRAG and CoT technology for low-concentration atropine control of myopia. It can provide accurate and useful clinical advice, which, on the one hand, can assist doctors in making evidence-based decisions, and on the other hand, can offer reliable and easily understandable medical guidance to patients. Future work will expand the dataset to enhance the system's applicability in different scenarios and help with the prevention and control of myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1912484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:34:41Z","timestamp":1788784481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From static guidelines to dynamic personalization: a novel AI-driven evidence-based paradigm for low-concentration atropine prescribing in myopia control"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scool of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scool of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Provincial Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scool of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jili","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scool of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]},{"name":"Center for Xin\u2019an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxing","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scool of Medical Information Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]},{"name":"Center for Xin\u2019an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.10.005","article-title":"Myopic maculopathy: current status and proposal for a new classification and grading system (ATN)","volume":"69","author":"Ruiz-Medrano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Retinal Eye Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.016","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 8 atropine concentrations for myopia control in children: a network meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Ha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.3820","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of low-dose atropine eyedrops for the treatment of myopia progression in Chinese children","volume":"138","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.12.036","article-title":"Age effect on treatment responses to 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% atropine: low-concentration atropine for myopia progression study","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.002","article-title":"Three-year clinical trial of low-concentration atropine for myopia progression (LAMP) study: continued versus washout: phase 3 report","volume":"129","author":"Yam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g3725","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g3725","article-title":"Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis?","volume":"348","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31592-6","article-title":"Progress in evidence-based medicine: a quarter century on","volume":"390","author":"Djulbegovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e917","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00201-7","article-title":"Large language models and their impact in ophthalmology","volume":"5","author":"Betzler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"B10","author":"Tu","year":""},{"key":"B11","author":"Moor","year":""},{"key":"B12","author":"Xiong","year":""},{"key":"B13","author":"Kraljevic","year":""},{"key":"B14","author":"Yang","year":""},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.5321","article-title":"AI-Generated Medical advice-GPT and beyond","volume":"329","author":"Haupt","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B16","author":"Shuster","year":""},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00628-6","article-title":"Structural insights into the evolution of the RAG recombinase","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000834","article-title":"Development of a liver disease-specific large language model chat interface using retrieval-augmented generation","volume":"80","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B19","author":"Ranjit","year":""},{"key":"B20","author":"Wu","year":""},{"key":"B21","author":"Edge","year":""},{"key":"B22","first-page":"606","article-title":"Leveraging graph-RAG for enhanced diagnostic and treatment strategies in dentistry","author":"Sophaken","year":""},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03139-8","article-title":"Integrated image-based deep learning and language models for primary diabetes care","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004204","article-title":"Applications of multimodal generative artificial intelligence in a real-world retina clinic setting","volume":"44","author":"Ghalibafan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-02308-4","article-title":"AI-guided personalized predictions on myopia progression and interventions","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"npj Digit Med"},{"key":"B26","author":"Wei","year":""},{"key":"B27","author":"Brown","year":""},{"key":"B28","first-page":"311","article-title":"BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation","author":"Papineni","year":"2002"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"74","article-title":"ROUGE: a package for automatic evaluation of summaries","volume-title":"Text Summarization Branches Out","author":"Lin","year":"2004"},{"key":"B30","author":"Shahul","year":""}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1912484\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:34:42Z","timestamp":1788784482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1912484\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1912484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1912484","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"article-number":"1912484"}}