{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:02:08Z","timestamp":1790226128797,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive vulnerability may differ across intraocular pressure-defined subtypes of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), but visually dependent cognitive-screening tasks and residual confounding complicate interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center observational study included 93 patients with POAG [49 normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and 44 high-tension glaucoma (HTG)]. A corrected Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score &amp;lt;26 defined MoCA-screen-positive status. A vision-reduced MoCA-22 score was calculated by removing the eight points assigned to visuospatial\/executive and naming tasks. Sequential NTG-vs.-HTG models added demographics, visual field index (VFI), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, diabetes, and systolic blood pressure. Subtype-by-PSQI and subtype-by-RNFL interactions, strict peak-IOP classification, structure-function correlations, mood-adjusted PSQI models, and bootstrap internal validation were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MoCA-screen-positive status occurred in 44\/93 participants (47.3%) and was more frequent in NTG than HTG (59.2% vs. 34.1%; crude OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.20\u20136.52;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017). The association remained in the fully adjusted sequential model (OR: 8.47, 95% CI: 1.81\u201339.61;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007) and after excluding six HTG participants with peak IOP &amp;lt;25\u2005mmHg (OR: 6.74, 95% CI: 1.44\u201331.41;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015). Vision-reduced MoCA-22 was lower in NTG [18 (16, 19) vs. 19 (17.75, 20);\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.043], including after full adjustment (beta\u2009=\u2009\u22120.88, 95% CI: \u22121.63 to \u22120.14;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020). Subtype interactions were not significant for PSQI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.604) or RNFL (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.082). In exploratory subtype models, study-defined history of low blood pressure study-defined history of low blood pressure (&amp;lt;110\/&amp;lt;65\u2005mmHg; recorded only among NTG participants), higher PSQI, and thinner RNFL were associated with screen-positive status in NTG; thinner RNFL was associated in HTG. Apparent AUCs were 0.940 (95% CI: 0.869\u20130.988) for NTG and 0.892 (0.763\u20130.989) for HTG; bootstrap-corrected AUCs were 0.900 and 0.851.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NTG was associated with more frequent MoCA-screen-positive status and lower vision-reduced MoCA scores after measured visual, vascular, and metabolic adjustment. The subgroup correlates and model performance remain exploratory and require prospective external validation; the present data do not establish distinct causal NTG and HTG phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1912812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:33:52Z","timestamp":1790224432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MoCA-screen-positive status differs across intraocular pressure subtypes of primary open-angle glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rao","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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