{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:04:14Z","timestamp":1789365854286,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The synergic effect of integrating diversified teaching methods [3D visualization technology [3D reconstruction and printing], case-based learning [CBL]. and standardized patients [SPs]] in the clinical teaching of gynecologic tumors was determined.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A case-control study design was proceeded in our hospital between September 2023 and March 2025 for clinical undergraduate interns and training physicians. They were divided into two groups: CBL\u2009+\u2009SP teaching mode (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200954); and CBL\u2009+\u2009SP\u2009+\u20093D teaching mode (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200954). A theoretical exam and a self-designed subjective questionnaire survey were used for the quantitative evaluation of teaching effectiveness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The average score of the CBL\u2009+\u2009SP\u2009+\u20093D group in the theoretical exam was significantly higher than the CBL\u2009+\u2009SP group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Students in the CBL\u2009+\u2009SP\u2009+\u20093D group performed significantly better than students in the CBL\u2009+\u2009SP group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&lt;\u20090.001)in the subjective grading: learning interest, classroom participation, self-learning capacity, comprehensive analytic capacity, clinical thinking capacity, effectiveness of visual teaching aids, and simulation of clinical consultation scenarios constructed using SP. The total score of satisfactions in the CBL\u2009+\u2009SP\u2009+\u20093D group was significantly higher than that in the CBL\u2009+\u2009SP group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The total scores by the teachers on the students' performance in the CBL\u2009+\u2009SP\u2009+\u20093D group was significantly higher than that in the CBL\u2009+\u2009SP group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The CBL\u2009+\u2009SP\u2009+\u20093D model established a teaching system with integration of \u201cvirtualization\u2009+\u2009material object\u2009+\u2009interaction,\u201d which enabled significant improvement in the learning interest of students and enhanced student stereoscopic cognition of the complex anatomy of gynecologic tumors and the pathologic structures, and deepened comprehensive thinking and clinical case analysis capacity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1915577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:39:39Z","timestamp":1789364379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of 3D reconstruction combined with 3D printing and CBL\u2009+\u2009SP in teaching gynecologic malignant tumors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yaoxiang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology II, Meizhou People\u2019s Hospital\/Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haikun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology II, Meizhou People\u2019s Hospital\/Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology II, Meizhou People\u2019s Hospital\/Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lvyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology II, Meizhou People\u2019s Hospital\/Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2023-004429","article-title":"ESGO\/ESTRO\/ESP guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer - update 2023","volume":"33","author":"Cibula","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04155","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04155","article-title":"Global burden of gynaecological cancers in 2022 and projections to 2050","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Glob 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