{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:56:10Z","timestamp":1790571370156,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent ocular surface inflammation and lacrimal gland immune dysregulation are central to the progression of dry eye disease (DED). Th17\/Treg imbalance contributes to sustained inflammatory activation in the ocular surface and lacrimal gland. Yiguanjian (YGJ) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential, but whether it can alleviate ocular surface inflammation and restore lacrimal gland immune homeostasis in DED remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced rat DED model was used to assess the effects of YGJ on tear secretion, tear film break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining, ocular histopathology, lacrimal gland Th17\/Treg proportions, related gene expression, and STAT3 signaling. Yiguanjian-containing serum (YCS) was prepared, and its serum-associated chemical features were characterized by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. A hyperosmotic non-contact co-culture system of rat lacrimal gland epithelial cells and activated CD4\u207a T cells was established to evaluate epithelial cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Th17\/Treg differentiation, Foxp3 and IL-17A immunofluorescence signals, and related gene expression. AS2863619 and Peptide P60 were used to explore Foxp3-associated regulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In BAC-induced dry eye rats, YGJ improved tear secretion and tear film stability, reduced corneal fluorescein staining, and alleviated corneal and lacrimal gland histopathological injury, with partial preservation of meibomian gland and conjunctival morphology. YGJ reduced lacrimal gland Th17 proportions, restored Treg proportions, increased Foxp3 and IL-10 expression, decreased ROR\u03b3t and IL-17A expression, and reduced lacrimal gland STAT3 phosphorylation. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS yielded 67 candidate annotations corresponding to 56 distinct LC\u2013MS features in YCS. In the hyperosmotic co-culture model, YCS improved epithelial cell viability, reduced ROS accumulation in CD4\u207a T cells, suppressed Th17-related responses, and enhanced Treg-associated immunoregulation. AS2863619 produced effects comparable to YCS, whereas Peptide P60 weakened Foxp3-associated immunoregulation; combined YCS treatment partially attenuated Peptide P60-induced changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      YGJ attenuated DED-related inflammatory injury\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and modulated lacrimal gland epithelial cell\u2013CD4\u207a T-cell inflammatory interactions\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These findings were accompanied by reduced lacrimal gland STAT3 phosphorylation\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and lower ROS accumulation in CD4\u207a T cells\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , together with Foxp3-associated improvement of the Th17\/Treg balance; however, the causal relationship between the STAT3 and ROS findings was not established.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1915720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:28:39Z","timestamp":1790569719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Yiguanjian alleviates ocular surface inflammation and lacrimal gland immune dysregulation in experimental dry eye disease: evidence from in vivo and in vitro models"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2024.0103","article-title":"Inflammation in dry eye disease\u2014pathogenesis, preclinical animal models, and treatments","volume":"40","author":"Bhujbal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307682","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1307682","article-title":"Inflammation mechanism and anti-inflammatory therapy of dry eye","volume":"11","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108890","article-title":"Erxian decoction modulates Th17\/treg cells differentiation through LFA-1\/ICAM-1\/STAT3 pathway in menopausal dry eye disease","volume":"215","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040422","article-title":"Potential new target for dry eye disease\u2014oxidative stress","volume":"13","author":"Bu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36804","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA06759B","article-title":"Targeting reactive oxygen species to ameliorate T cell-mediated inflammation in dry eye syndrome: a novel therapeutic approach","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117230","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the classical prescription Yiguan Jian: phytochemistry, quality control, clinical applications, pharmacology, and safety profile","volume":"319","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2021.1961820","article-title":"Yiguanjian decoction inhibits macrophage M1 polarization and attenuates hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4\/2-AAF","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2791_22","article-title":"Benzalkonium chloride-induced dry eye disease animal models: current understanding and potential for translational research","volume":"71","author":"Thacker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6515","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c06885","article-title":"UHPLC Q-orbitrap mass spectrometry-based molecular networking for identification of chemical constituents in the multi-herb formula runyan mixture","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19058","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02788-0","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid attenuates oxidative damage in rat lacrimal gland epithelial cells via PI3K\/AKT\/FoxO3 signaling: network pharmacology and experimental evidence","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109418","article-title":"Cyclosporin a improves the hyperosmotic response in an experimental dry eye model by inhibiting the HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"229","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4417","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.4417","article-title":"Flow cytometry-based measurement of reactive oxygen species in cyanobacteria","volume":"12","author":"Mondal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bio Protoc"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759188","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.759188","article-title":"An artifact in intracellular cytokine staining for studying T cell responses and its alleviation","volume":"13","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449283","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2024.1449283","article-title":"Multidimensional immunotherapy for dry eye disease: current status and future directions","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10583","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110583","article-title":"The immunobiology of dry eye disease: a review of the pathogenesis, regulation and therapeutic implications","volume":"26","author":"Saram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102933","article-title":"Autoimmunity in dry eye disease \u2013 an updated review of evidence on effector and memory Th17 cells in disease pathogenicity","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.1.35","article-title":"S100a8\/A9 promotes dendritic cell\u2013mediated Th17 cell response in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s dry eye disease by regulating the Acod1\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"66","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2022.06.005","article-title":"Lacrimal gland regeneration: the unmet challenges and promise for dry eye therapy","volume":"25","author":"Veernala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6334284","DOI":"10.1155\/sci\/6334284","article-title":"Progress and prospects in the treatment of lacrimal gland dysfunction diseases: from traditional treatment methods to stem cell and organoid therapies","volume":"2025","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.6.12","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b1 agonist fenofibrate ameliorates sj\u00f6gren syndrome\u2013like dacryoadenitis by modulating Th1\/Th17 and treg cell responses in NOD mice","volume":"63","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.4.46","article-title":"Single-nuclei characterization of lacrimal gland in scopolamine-induced dry eye disease","volume":"65","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0671","article-title":"Immunophenotype of lacrimal glands in graves orbitopathy: implications for the pathogenesis of Th1 and Th17 immunity","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thyroid\u00ae"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021039","article-title":"The effect of mesenchymal stem cells on dry eye in sjogren syndrome mouse model","volume":"24","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.12.7","article-title":"Association of ocular surface immune cells with dry eye signs and symptoms in the dry eye assessment and management (DREAM) study","volume":"64","author":"Kuklinski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02607-2","article-title":"Characterization of T cells in the progression of dry eye disease using single-cell RNA sequencing in mice","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.12.13","article-title":"Conjunctiva resident \u03b3\u03b4 T cells expressed high level of IL-17A and promoted the severity of dry eye","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01146-y","article-title":"DZ2002 alleviates corneal angiogenesis and inflammation in rodent models of dry eye disease via regulating STAT3-PI3K-Akt-NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156363","article-title":"Integrated UHPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap HRMS and serum pharmacochemistry for the investigation of anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of baoganning decoction","volume":"137","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2019.004","article-title":"Decursinol angelate ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by modulating type 17 helper T cell responses","volume":"27","author":"Thapa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomol Ther (Seoul)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12500","article-title":"Fraxin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines and protects against endotoxic shock in mice","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2200612","article-title":"Scutellarin prevents acute alcohol-induced liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting inflammation by regulating the AKT, p38 MAPK\/NF-\u03baB pathways","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.3473","article-title":"Identification for metabolism profiles and pharmacokinetic studies of tradition Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San and its major metabolites in rats by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS\/MS and UHPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"31","author":"Hsieh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Food Drug Anal"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3308","article-title":"Phytobioactive compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases: a review","volume":"11","author":"Riaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-024-01056-z","article-title":"Network pharmacology: a crucial approach in traditional Chinese medicine research","volume":"20","author":"Zhai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732887","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.732887","article-title":"Recent developments about the pathogenesis of dry eye disease: based on immune inflammatory mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054309","article-title":"Lacrimal gland epithelial cells shape immune responses through the modulation of inflammasomes and lipid metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Delcroix","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527007","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1527007","article-title":"Differential transcript and soluble factor patterns in macrophage\/enterocyte-like monolayer co-cultures based on apical or basolateral LPS exposure","volume":"16","author":"Mazzei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109096","article-title":"MiR-223 inhibits hyperosmolarity-induced inflammation through downregulating NLRP3 activation in human corneal epithelial cells and dry eye patients","volume":"220","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-023-0986-x","article-title":"Hyperosmolarity promotes macrophage pyroptosis by driving the glycolytic reprogramming of corneal epithelial cells in dry eye disease","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxad048","article-title":"Development and function of FOXP3+regulators of immune responses","volume":"213","author":"Golzari-Sorkheh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444533","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1444533","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of human FOXP3+Tregs: from homeostasis maintenance to pathogen defense","volume":"15","author":"Yue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw2707","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaw2707","article-title":"Conversion of antigen-specific effector\/memory T cells into Foxp3-expressing Treg cells by inhibition of CDK8\/19","volume":"4","author":"Akamatsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5150","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001114","article-title":"A peptide inhibitor of FOXP3 impairs regulatory T cell activity and improves vaccine efficacy in mice","volume":"185","author":"Casares","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01338-0","article-title":"Foxp3 inhibitory peptide encapsulated in a novel CD25-targeted nanoliposome promotes efficient tumor regression in mice","volume":"46","author":"Serrano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678355","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.678355","article-title":"The alterations in and the role of the Th17\/Treg balance in metabolic diseases","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687755","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1687755","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming as a therapeutic target for modulating the Th17\/treg balance in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122426","article-title":"NRF2\/itaconate axis regulates metabolism and inflammatory properties of T cells in children with JIA","volume":"11","author":"Rajendiran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199233","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1199233","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species formation and its effect on CD4+T cell-mediated inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Shu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103077","article-title":"Regulation of immunomodulatory networks by Nrf2-activation in immune cells: redox control and therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases","volume":"70","author":"Pant","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-022-00821-2","article-title":"Interleukin-20 is involved in dry eye disease and is a potential therapeutic target","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2023.11.008","article-title":"Single-cell landscape reveals the epithelial cell-centric pro-inflammatory immune microenvironment in dry eye development","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849990","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.849990","article-title":"IL-17 producing lymphocytes cause dry eye and corneal disease with aging in RXR\u03b1 mutant mouse","volume":"9","author":"Alam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2808_22","article-title":"Aqueous-deficient dry eye disease: preferred practice pattern guidelines on clinical approach, diagnosis, and management","volume":"71","author":"Donthineni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a874","DOI":"10.4102\/AVEH.v83i1.874","article-title":"Pathophysiology of dry eye disease and novel therapeutic agents","volume":"83","author":"Mathebula","year":"2024","journal-title":"Afr Vis Eye Health"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/gscm.0000000000000033","article-title":"From biological potency absorbed components to artificial intelligence mining: a review of analytical strategies for the discovery and validation of quality marker in traditional Chinese medicine in the past decade","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Guidel Stand Chin Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03464-2","article-title":"Exploring the bioactive ingredients of three traditional Chinese medicine formulas against age-related hearing loss through network pharmacology and experimental validation","volume":"398","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02326-4","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in homeostasis and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1915720\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:28:41Z","timestamp":1790569721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1915720\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1915720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1915720","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"article-number":"1915720"}}