{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:24:24Z","timestamp":1786947864418,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of children with acute bronchitis in different age groups and to identify the risk factors for the development of chronic cough in these children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical data of 290\u202fchildren hospitalized for acute bronchitis at Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital from August 2022 to September 2024 were retrospectively collected. The children were categorized into three age groups: &amp;lt;1\u202fyear, \u22651\u202fyear and &amp;lt;3\u202fyears, and \u22653\u202fyears. Data collected included gender, age, home address, gestational age, birth weight, parental smoking status, symptoms such as stuffy nose, sputum, fever, peak temperature, fever duration, hospitalization duration, anemia, white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein, neutrophils (Neu), and lymphocytes. The children were further divided into a good prognosis group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f256) and a poor prognosis group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f34) based on the presence of chronic cough. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed on all variables, and a nomogram model was constructed. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated using ROC curves.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant differences were observed among age groups in WBC and Neu levels and in the proportions of children with stuffy nose, sputum, and fever. Among the 290 children, 34 (11.7%) developed chronic cough. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, gestational age (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.385; 95% CI, 0.263\u20130.563), parental smoking (aOR, 2.479; 95% CI, 1.104\u20135.569), and anemia (aOR, 4.734; 95% CI, 1.539\u201314.563) were independently associated with chronic cough. The nomogram showed good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.819 (95% CI, 0.735\u20130.903).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical characteristics and symptoms of children with acute bronchitis differ by age. Gestational age, parental smoking, and anemia were independently associated with chronic cough following acute bronchitis. The nomogram may help identify children at higher risk of chronic cough, although external validation is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1922135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:26:27Z","timestamp":1786944387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and prognostic differences of children with acute bronchitis across different age groups"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Fuyang, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Fuyang, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinliang","family":"Ya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Linquan County People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Fuyang, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(24)00176-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"24","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Acute Bronchitis","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-022-00537-1","article-title":"Short-term effects of air pollutants on hospital admissions for acute bronchitis in children: a multi-city time-series study in Southwest China","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02186-7","article-title":"Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2\u202fyears of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications","volume":"20","author":"Zurita-Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8844420","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological determinants of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized pediatric patients","volume":"2020","author":"Mirkarimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.8.4.415","article-title":"The management of acute bronchitis in children","volume":"8","author":"Fleming","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.7499\/j.issn.1008-8830.2302014","article-title":"Clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 in different age groups during the epidemic of omicron variant","volume":"25","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"855","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children of different ages","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2022.09.002","article-title":"Post-infectious cough of different syndromes treated by traditional Chinese medicines: a review","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Herb Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E002","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112147-20230109-00010","article-title":"Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of Sars-Cov-2-associated cough","volume":"46","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47453","DOI":"10.2196\/47453","article-title":"Profiles of cough and associated risk factors in nonhospitalized individuals with Sars-Cov-2 omicron variant infection: cross-sectional online survey in China","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52157","article-title":"Cough in children and adults: diagnosis, assessment and management (Cicada). 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