{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:01:32Z","timestamp":1790226092503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Although bear-related injuries are increasing in Japan, ocular trauma associated with Japanese black bear (\n Ursus thibetanus japonicus<\/jats:italic>\n ) attacks has rarely been investigated. We investigated the clinical features and outcomes of bear-related ocular injuries managed at Fukushima Medical University Hospital over the past decade.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Eight patients who were transported to Fukushima Medical University Hospital for bear-related trauma and subsequently referred to the Department of Ophthalmology for periocular injuries between April 2016 and March 2026 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, location of injury, the presence of globe rupture, extraocular muscle laceration, eyelid laceration, and facial bone fracture, as well as final best-corrected visual acuity, were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Eight patients (mean age 66.6\u2009\u00b1\u200920.4 years; seven men and one woman) were included. All patients sustained eyelid lacerations. Open globe injury was observed in four eyes (50%), all classified as rupture. Three were surgically confirmed, and one was diagnosed based on clinical and CT findings without surgical exploration. Three of the four globe ruptures (75%) occurred in mountainous areas, and the remaining case in a rural settlement. Half of the cases (4\/8) occurred during the most recent two years (2024\u20132025).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Among bear-related ocular injuries referred to our department over the past 10 years, half involved globe rupture, with the majority occurring in mountainous areas. As bear-related trauma may continue to increase in northern Japan, the establishment of regional management protocols and multidisciplinary collaboration is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1922412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:31:30Z","timestamp":1790224290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ocular injuries caused by Japanese black bears: a 10-year retrospective analysis of severity and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Manabu","family":"Suzutani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":""},{"key":"B2","year":"2024"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70009","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.70009","article-title":"Characteristics of black bear-related trauma: a retrospective observational study","volume":"11","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.02.021","article-title":"Injury patterns of fatal bear attacks in Japan: a description of seven cases","volume":"286","author":"Oshima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-025-01827-0","article-title":"CT-based assessment of bear-inflicted maxillofacial injuries: evaluation using the facial injury severity scale and its association with hospitalization duration","volume":"43","author":"Hatakeyama","year":"2025","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.31729\/jnma.7907","article-title":"Bear maul injury among patients presenting to the department of surgery in a tertiary care centre: a descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"60","author":"Menyangbo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"key":"B7","year":""},{"key":"B8","year":""},{"key":"B9","first-page":"1377","article-title":"Two cases of globe rupture caused by bear attack","volume":"62","author":"Sakai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ganka"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2193\/0022-541X(2004)068[0979:RBCIBP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Relationship between changes in beechnut production and asiatic black bears in northern Japan","volume":"68","author":"Oka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140028","article-title":"Mechanisms of human-black bear conflicts in Japan: in preparation for climate change","volume":"739","author":"Honda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"442","article-title":"Examination of 50 cases of bear-related trauma at our institution","volume":"31","author":"Takahashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Trauma Surg"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00190712","article-title":"A standardized classification of ocular trauma","volume":"234","author":"Kuhn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.01.014","article-title":"Visual acuity measurements","volume":"30","author":"Holladay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01601953","article-title":"On territorial behaviour and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds. 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Theoretical development","volume":"19","author":"Fretwell","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Biotheor"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00041-10","article-title":"Microbiology of animal bite wound infections","volume":"24","author":"Abrahamian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3374-3376.2004","article-title":"Bacteriology of a bear bite wound to a human: case report","volume":"42","author":"Kunimoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1922412\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:31:40Z","timestamp":1790224300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1922412\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1922412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1922412","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"article-number":"1922412"}}