{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:30:38Z","timestamp":1786595438887,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Validated biomarkers of biologic response in Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) are lacking. We assessed whether serum microRNAs (miRNAs) track disease activity and predict outcomes during biologic induction in CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-nine adults with active CD initiating infliximab (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f20) or vedolizumab (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f19) and 10 controls were studied at a single centre. Serum was sampled at the first and fourth infusions. Six target miRNAs were qPCR-quantified and normalised to the geometric mean of miR-93-5p and miR-425-5p. Harvey\u2013Bradshaw Index, C-reactive protein, faecal calprotectin and Simple Endoscopic Score for CD were recorded at baseline, post-induction and 12\u202fmonths. Four pre-specified analysis families were tested with false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing. This was a single-centre, exploratory, hypothesis-generating study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      miR-21-5p and miR-146b-5p were significantly reduced in CD versus controls (q\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Baseline miR-146b-5p inversely predicted post-induction CRP independently of baseline disease severity (partial r\u202f=\u202f\u22120.46,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.010), supporting it as a candidate severity-independent predictor of biochemical response. Post-induction miR-424-5p strongly tracked concurrent inflammation (faecal calprotectin: Spearman\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f+0.52, q\u202f=\u202f0.004; CRP: \u03c1\u202f=\u202f+0.44, q\u202f=\u202f0.030), these associations remained significant after adjustment for baseline disease severity, after leave-one-out removal of single patients, and under single-reference normalisation. An exploratory post-hoc analysis linked treatment-induced miR-106a-5p upregulation to penetrating (Montreal B3) disease (permutation\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.019).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum miRNAs offer novel predictive (baseline miR-146b-5p and miR-106a-5p) and concurrent (post-induction miR-424-5p) biomarker signals during biologic induction in CD, providing information complementary to faecal calprotectin. Prospective independent validation is warranted before clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1923232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:23:51Z","timestamp":1786595031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of disease activity and treatment response in Crohn\u2019s disease patients receiving infliximab or vedolizumab: a longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Bertin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Giraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Cavagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Caranfil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigida","family":"Barberio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Universit\u00e0 di Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romilda","family":"Cardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Facchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Carlotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Minotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo Vincenzo","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Universit\u00e0 di Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Zingone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Universit\u00e0 di Padova","place":["Padova, 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