{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:18:49Z","timestamp":1787811529848,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain-dominant shoulder periarthritis is characterized by shoulder pain, restricted range of motion (ROM), and impaired daily function. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a controllable acupuncture modality used for shoulder pain disorders; however, direct evidence comparing 2\u202fHz and 100\u202fHz EA in this disease stage remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of low-frequency EA (2\u202fHz) and high-frequency EA (100\u202fHz) for pain-dominant shoulder periarthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a single-center, participant- and outcome assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) to be conducted at the Third Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 152 participants who meet the diagnostic criteria for pain-dominant shoulder periarthritis and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) meridian differentiation criteria for the Hand Shaoyang meridian pattern will be enrolled. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the 2\u202fHz EA group or the 100\u202fHz EA group. Both groups will receive the same acupuncture prescription, treatment procedures, and co-interventions, with EA frequency as the only planned between-group difference. Treatment will be administered once daily for 5 consecutive days per course, with a 2-day interval between courses, for a total of 10 sessions. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 2, 8, and 24\u202fweeks after treatment initiation. The primary outcome will be overall shoulder pain intensity measured using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) at T1. The primary comparison will be the adjusted mean difference in the T1 overall VAS score between the two groups, with baseline overall VAS included as a covariate. Secondary outcomes will include component-specific VAS ratings for resting pain, activity-related pain, and nocturnal pain, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), and shoulder ROM. Adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) will be recorded throughout the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial may provide clinical evidence to inform EA frequency selection and parameter standardization for pain-dominant shoulder periarthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry,\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/itmctr.ccebtcm.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier ITMCTR2026000862.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1924469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:39:47Z","timestamp":1787809187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of 2\u202fHz versus 100\u202fHz electroacupuncture for pain-dominant shoulder periarthritis: a study protocol for a single-center randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Medicine (School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwei","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangzhen","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical 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