{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:23:22Z","timestamp":1787289802463,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate aqueous humor cytokine profile changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients before and after intravitreal faricimab injection, and their correlation with biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-three nAMD patients and 10 cataract controls were enrolled. Aqueous humor was collected from nAMD patients at baseline and 12\u202fweeks post-faricimab injection, and from controls during phacoemulsification. Twelve cytokines were quantified via multiplex bead-based immunoassay. OCTA measured central macular thickness (CMT) and retinal vessel density in nAMD eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and HGF levels were higher in nAMD patients than controls. Post-treatment, VEGF and Ang-2 decreased below control levels, while hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interferon gamma protein 10 (IP-10) increased significantly. Reductions in Ang-2\/VEGF correlated positively with decreased CMT and whole retinal thickness, with concurrent improvements in best-corrected visual acuity. Elevated IP-10 showed a correlative association with reduced superficial foveal vessel density.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Faricimab dual-blockades VEGF\/Ang-2, reducing their aqueous levels, improving CMT\/whole retinal thickness and visual acuity. However, post-treatment HGF\/IP-10 upregulation indicates compensatory inflammatory-angiogenic remodeling. IP-10 may serve as a potential correlative biomarker linked to subclinical capillary rarefaction. Future studies should explore combined anti-IP-10 therapy or extended dosing intervals to preserve foveal vasculature while maintaining anti-leakage efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1927909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:23:20Z","timestamp":1787286200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Faricimab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: aqueous humor cytokine profiling and biomarker correlations"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhongqi","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Heping Eye Hospital","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIPAV Lab, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingquan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02609-5","article-title":"Age-related macular 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