{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:12:26Z","timestamp":1788502346055,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a normal fetus in a twin gestation (CHMCF) is an extremely rare form of abnormal multifetal gestation characterized by the coexistence of a normal fetus and its placenta alongside a complete hydatidiform mole, with a markedly increased risk of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease (PTD) in the mother. Embryo transfer, as a key procedure in assisted reproductive technology, achieves conception by transferring\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    -fertilized embryos into the uterine cavity. Although it addresses infertility, it may also present distinct clinical scenarios involving rare gestational complications. This report describes a case of a complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus in a twin gestation after embryo transfer. By integrating serial changes in serum \u03b2-human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2-hCG) levels, ultrasonographic features, chromosomal analysis, and histopathological findings, we summarize the diagnostic and management course and review the relevant literature.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1934255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:28:32Z","timestamp":1788499712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complete hydatidiform mole in one twin after embryo transfer: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zeru","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shutong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Key Laboratory of Postpartum Pelvic Floor Electromyographic Rehabilitation, Weifang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Adverse Pregnancy","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Key Laboratory of Postpartum Pelvic Floor Electromyographic Rehabilitation, Weifang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Adverse Pregnancy","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-606X.21.05031-4","article-title":"Complete hydatidiform mole in higher-order multiple pregnancies","volume":"74","author":"Sileo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Minerva Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60280-2","article-title":"Gestational trophoblastic disease","volume":"376","author":"Seckl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm2304005","article-title":"Complete hydatidiform mole","volume":"389","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09085-2","article-title":"Outcome of twin pregnancies with complete hydatidiform mole and healthy co-twin","volume":"359","author":"Sebire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.70104","article-title":"Multiple pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal fetus: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes from non-randomized studies","volume":"67","author":"Salmeri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1389-9","article-title":"Hydatidiform molar pregnancy following assisted reproduction","volume":"36","author":"Nickkho-Amiry","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16283","article-title":"Obstetric outcomes of twin pregnancies presenting with a complete hydatidiform mole and coexistent normal fetus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Zilberman Sharon","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02215731","article-title":"A twin pregnancy with a hydatidiform mole and an alive, coexistent baby after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"50","article-title":"Hydatidiform mole. 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