{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:55:13Z","timestamp":1790862913979,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that is gaining increasing attention. The advantages of this approach include the absence of radiation exposure, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to rapidly provide dynamic examination results. Military training constitutes a pivotal mechanism for the enhancement and fortification of combat capabilities, thereby assuming a strategic function in the advancement of military development. In the context of military training, musculoskeletal injuries resulting from physical training and exercise exert a considerable influence on the health of personnel and the efficiency of their training. This has the potential to result in unnecessary non-combat personnel losses and to increase the burden on the military and the nation as a whole. It is important to note that MSKUS has demonstrated significant effectiveness in the diagnosis of common musculoskeletal injuries and holds great value in the monitoring of treatment progress and the assessment of postoperative recovery. In recent years, advances in ultrasound-guided interventions have enabled physicians to achieve a high degree of precision in the diagnosis and treatment of various musculoskeletal conditions, thus rendering it a more accurate and reliable tool. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of MSKUS across multiple disease areas, including muscles, joints, bones, tendons, ligaments, and bursae. It also explores novel ultrasound imaging technologies and the potential for future ultrasound devices on the military battlefield. The objective of this study is to provide an in-depth examination of research progress regarding the application of MSKUS in physical training and sports-related injuries, with a focus on its diagnostic uses, therapeutic significance, and future developments in this field. A thorough analysis of the most recent research findings and clinical application potential will be conducted to elucidate the important role of MSKUS in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy for military training-related injuries. This, in turn, will improve the quality of medical care and mitigate the impact of training injuries on future military operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1941324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:00:51Z","timestamp":1790859651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research progress and practical applications of musculoskeletal ultrasound in military training injuries"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanhan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiujie","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094192","article-title":"Evolution of musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal sports ultrasound","volume":"49","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000015","article-title":"Dynamic ultrasound imaging applications to quantify musculoskeletal function","volume":"42","author":"Sikdar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001311","article-title":"Clinical tests of the shoulder: accuracy and extension using dynamic ultrasound","volume":"99","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.007","article-title":"Basic musculoskeletal ultrasound","volume":"109","author":"Chew","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.078451","article-title":"Settings and artefacts relevant in colour\/power Doppler ultrasound in rheumatology","volume":"67","author":"Torp-Pedersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181d245f9","article-title":"Practical knobology for ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia","volume":"35","author":"Brull","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-176","article-title":"Ultrasound guided procedures in the musculoskeletal system: a narrative review with illustrative examples","volume":"14","author":"Ruiz Santiago","year":"2024","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"675","article-title":"Musculoskeletal ultrasound for interventional physiatry","volume":"48","author":"De Muynck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515618653","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided versus blind subacromial corticosteroid injections for subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"44","author":"Cole","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05000-y","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials","volume":"39","author":"Simental-Mend\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12526","article-title":"Steroid vs. Platelet-rich plasma in ultrasound-guided sacroiliac joint injection for chronic low back pain","volume":"17","author":"Singla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redar.2016.02.008","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided piriformis muscle injection. A new approach","volume":"63","author":"Bevilacqua Al\u00e9n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002691","article-title":"Effects of ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection compared to mesenchymal stem cell injection in patients with grade II and III knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial","volume":"104","author":"ZoghAli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08580-5","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of ultrasound-guided dextrose 25% hypertonic prolotherapy and intra-articular normal saline injection on pain, functional limitation, and range of motion in patients with knee osteoarthritis; a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Teymouri","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3260","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3260","article-title":"Ultrasound guided corticosteroid injection for plantar fasciitis: randomised controlled trial","volume":"344","author":"McMillan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325967118756576","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118756576","article-title":"Existing evidence on ultrasound-guided injections in sports medicine","volume":"6","author":"Daniels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2025-110255","article-title":"Diagnostic ultrasound of muscle injuries: what the sports medicine clinician should know","volume":"59","author":"Palermi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2025.100508","article-title":"Applications of musculoskeletal ultrasound in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"25","author":"Nooh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101859","article-title":"Musculoskeletal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"37","author":"Shumilova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2019.09.009","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging of orthopedic injuries","volume":"38","author":"Simard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01013-z","article-title":"Clinical utility and potential of ultrasound in osteoarthritis","volume":"124","author":"Okano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-872339","article-title":"Musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI: which do I choose?","volume":"9","author":"Jacobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-017-0452-5","article-title":"Pediatric musculoskeletal injuries: role of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"101","author":"Piccolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2003.12.026","article-title":"Assessment of angiogenesis: implications for ultrasound imaging","volume":"42","author":"Forsberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2553","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: what is the evidence and what are the obstacles?","volume":"193","author":"Wilson S","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E38","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1281770","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is more sensitive than grayscale and power Doppler ultrasonography compared to MRI in therapy monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"32","author":"Ohrndorf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-005-2884-9","article-title":"Contrast enhanced gray-scale sonography in assessment of joint vascularity in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the IACUS study group","volume":"15","author":"Klauser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2011.30.8.1103","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced sonographic characterization of the vascularity of the repaired rotator cuff: utility of maximum intensity projection imaging","volume":"30","author":"Adler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.04.001","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound characterization of the vascularity of the repaired rotator cuff tendon: short-term and intermediate-term follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Cadet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(01)00500-2","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography: assessment of revascularization flow in Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes\u2019 disease","volume":"28","author":"Doria","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-018-0642-1","article-title":"Ultrasound elastography: compression elastography and shear-wave elastography in the assessment of tendon injury","volume":"9","author":"Prado-Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130392","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20130392","article-title":"Effects of compression force on elasticity index and elasticity ratio in ultrasound elastography","volume":"43","author":"Imaizumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.08.019","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of axial-strain sonoelastography in confirming clinically diagnosed Achilles tendinopathy: comparison with B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler imaging","volume":"41","author":"Ooi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13122901","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnosis by means of median nerve elasticity\u2013improved diagnostic accuracy of US with sonoelastography","volume":"270","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160116","article-title":"Shear-wave elastography: basic physics and musculoskeletal applications","volume":"37","author":"Taljanovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6726","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07791-3","article-title":"Clinical applicability of shear wave elastography for the evaluation of medial epicondylitis","volume":"31","author":"Bang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060520976048","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520976048","article-title":"Shear wave elastography of the knee menisci","volume":"48","author":"Bedewi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7574","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197574","article-title":"Using shear-wave elastography to assess exercise-induced muscle damage: a review","volume":"22","author":"Li\u010den","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112351","article-title":"Shear wave elastography of the plantar fascia: comparison between patients with plantar fasciitis and healthy control subjects","volume":"10","author":"Baur","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44348","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044348","article-title":"Elastic modulus of muscle and tendon with shear wave ultrasound elastography: variations with different technical settings","volume":"7","author":"Kot","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"36","article-title":"Combat medic eFAST with novel and conventional portable ultrasound devices: a prospective, randomized, crossover trial","author":"Salazar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J (Ft Sam Houst Tex)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2004.014308","article-title":"FAST on operational military deployment","volume":"22","author":"Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"B43","first-page":"99","article-title":"Ultrasonography in a forward-deployed military hospital","volume":"170","author":"Rozanski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0b013e31822b7c14","article-title":"Battlefield applications for handheld ultrasound","volume":"27","author":"Nations","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2016.12.007","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasound in austere environments: a complete review of its utilization, pitfalls, and technique for common applications in austere settings","volume":"35","author":"Gharahbaghian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2009.09.006","article-title":"Portable ultrasound for remote environments, part I: feasibility of field deployment","volume":"40","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31822e7721","article-title":"Prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries during military operations and training","author":"Zambraski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2016-000710","article-title":"The incidence of military training-related injuries in Chinese new recruits: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Hua","year":"2018","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-020-00285-1","article-title":"Effects and mechanism of platelet-rich plasma on military drill injury: a review","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199927020-00004","article-title":"Physical training and exercise-related injuries. Surveillance, research and injury prevention in military populations","volume":"27","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-019-01423-6","article-title":"Physical fitness as a risk factor for injuries and excessive stress symptoms during basic military training","volume":"92","author":"M\u00fcller-Schilling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(00)00114-8","article-title":"Military training-related injuries: surveillance, research, and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Kaufman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.10.004","article-title":"A process to identify military injury prevention priorities based on injury type and limited duty days","volume":"38","author":"Ruscio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B54","first-page":"335","article-title":"Survey and analysis of military training injuries among navy recruits in spring and fall","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Nav Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283503406","article-title":"Rehabilitation programs for musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel","volume":"24","author":"Yancosek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-018-0152-y","article-title":"Expert consensus on the evaluation and diagnosis of combat injuries of the Chinese people\u2019s liberation army","volume":"5","author":"Zong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2016.05.004","article-title":"Triage in military settings","volume":"36","author":"Falzone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.62347\/WHER3512","article-title":"Current status of dynamic musculoskeletal ultrasound for application to treatment of orthopedic diseases","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"B59","article-title":"Proceedings of the 12th national academic conference on abdominal ultrasound medicine of the Chinese society of ultrasound in medicine and biology","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.051193","article-title":"Is tendon pathology a continuum? A pathology model to explain the clinical presentation of load-induced tendinopathy","volume":"43","author":"Cook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12029","article-title":"Continuum model of tendon pathology\u2014where are we now?","volume":"94","author":"Mccreesh","year":"2013","journal-title":". Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096288","article-title":"Can ultrasound imaging predict the development of Achilles and patellar tendinopathy? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"McAuliffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usac009","article-title":"Achilles tendon and patellar tendon structure in combat soldiers following prevention exercises","volume":"188","author":"Steinberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000890","article-title":"Diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound for the acute evaluation and management of soccer players","volume":"20","author":"Bailowitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.12.004","article-title":"Muscle injuries: optimising recovery","volume":"21","author":"J\u00e4rvinen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-022-04264-6","article-title":"Dynamic ultrasound assessment of hip instability and anterior and posterior hip impingement","volume":"52","author":"Sahr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84448","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.84448","article-title":"Musculoskeletal ultrasound: an essential tool in diagnosing patellar tendon injuries","volume":"18","author":"Manske","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"B68","first-page":"12","article-title":"Risk factors of military training-related injuries in recruits of Chinese people\u2019s armed police forces","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-019-0226-5","article-title":"The effectiveness of ultrasound in the detection of fractures in adults with suspected upper or lower limb injury: a systematic review and subgroup meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Champagne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2020-210464","article-title":"Ultrasound-directed reduction of distal radius fractures in adults: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Malik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2600-2","article-title":"Musculoskeletal ultrasound of the upper extremity in children","author":"Pai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.174","article-title":"Advances in arthroscopy-indications and therapeutic applications","volume":"11","author":"Carr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2025.108030","article-title":"Increased risk of rotator cuff tear in U.S. Army soldiers with a history of prior shoulder impingement syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Kusumpa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094148","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography, MRI and MR arthrography in the characterisation of rotator cuff disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e240060","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.240060","article-title":"US of acute tendon tears","volume":"44","author":"Billone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001956","article-title":"A new and dedicated video gallery: eURO-MUSCULUS\/USPRM protocols for dynamic ultrasound examination of the joints","volume":"101","author":"\u00d6z\u00e7akar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560100380","article-title":"Ultrasound of the knee","volume":"30","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55070355","article-title":"Comparison of point-of-care ultrasonography and radiography in the diagnosis of long-bone fractures","volume":"55","author":"Avci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.172.1.90","article-title":"Incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury among active duty U.S. military servicemen and servicewomen","volume":"172","author":"Owens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002173","article-title":"EURO-MUSCULUS\/USPRM dynamic ultrasound protocols for knee","volume":"102","author":"Pirri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2014.04.007","article-title":"Imaging ACL reconstructions and their complications","volume":"96","author":"Kulczycka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-017-2577-x","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation of bursae: anatomy and pathological appearances","volume":"46","author":"Ruangchaijatuporn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-022-04153-y","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided bursal injections","volume":"52","author":"McGill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.70135","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging and frozen shoulder: unlocking the benefits, navigating the risks","volume":"54","author":"Struyf","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093573","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided shoulder girdle injections are more accurate and more effective than landmark-guided injections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Aly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.05.011","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided versus blind subacromial-subdeltoid Bursa injection in adults with shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.3390\/life13061278","article-title":"Ultrasound fusion: applications in musculoskeletal imaging","volume":"13","author":"Gross","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160133","article-title":"Musculoskeletal imaging findings of hematologic malignancies","volume":"37","author":"Navarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.21833","article-title":"Imaging musculoskeletal manifestations of pediatric hematologic malignancies","volume":"214","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1708825","article-title":"Quantitative musculoskeletal tumor imaging","volume":"24","author":"Howe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-025-00458-w","article-title":"Performance and development trends of ultrasound diagnostic systems in military settings: a review","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ultrasound J"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-019-00960-4","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided injection and the pie crust technique for the treatment of symptomatic bipartite patella","volume":"46","author":"Nakase","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Ultrason (2001)"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64643","DOI":"10.2196\/64643","article-title":"Effect of lifestyle modification through web-based telerehabilitation monitoring combined with supervised sensorimotor training after total knee arthroplasty: randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Sadiq","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-024-01856-1","article-title":"The use of artificial intelligence in musculoskeletal ultrasound: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"129","author":"Getzmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286085","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1286085","article-title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in musculoskeletal ultrasound: narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Dinescu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33125","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033125","article-title":"Analysis of the value of artificial intelligence combined with musculoskeletal ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of pain rehabilitation of scapulohumeral periarthritis","volume":"102","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181982add","article-title":"Diagnostic ultrasound in sports medicine: current concepts and advances","volume":"17","author":"Nofsinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1941324\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:00:53Z","timestamp":1790859653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1941324\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1941324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1941324","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"article-number":"1941324"}}