{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:01:29Z","timestamp":1790679689637,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia show heterogeneity in patients with heart failure (HF). This study reviews existing evidence through a scoping review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched six databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], and Wanfang) from inception to May 2026. Two reviewers screened literature and extracted data independently. We used narrative synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 23 studies covering 8 diagnostic criteria. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 (9 studies) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) (7 studies) were most common. The overall prevalence ranged from 8.9% to 65.8%, with wide variation within the same criterion. Only 3 studies performed head-to-head comparisons. Heart failure-specific factors (edema interference, New York Heart Association [NYHA] class limitation, timing of assessment in acute phase) received limited attention. No study assessed sarcopenia at acute decompensation before diuresis. One study evaluated patients with stage B HF, generally considered pre-HF, and was interpreted separately. Eleven studies reported prognostic associations, yet only 1 reported discrimination and reclassification metrics such as concordance index (C-index), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). External validation of diagnostic and prognostic performance was insufficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current evidence does not support a unified heart failure-specific diagnostic framework for sarcopenia. Future work should include multicenter prospective cohort studies to establish HF-specific cut-off values, develop assessment protocols for acute decompensated HF and NYHA class IV patients, and conduct large-sample external validation of diagnostic and prognostic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1957639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:39:53Z","timestamp":1790678393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application and evidence gaps of sarcopenia diagnostic criteria in patients with heart failure: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mingzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Siping Central People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Siping, 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Hospital","place":["Siping, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Siping Central People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Siping, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiu","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Siping Central People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Siping, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"393","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23970","article-title":"Prevalence 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