{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:02:33Z","timestamp":1790744553079,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Invasive infection is a significant complication following renal transplantation. Due to long-term immunosuppressive therapy, renal transplant recipients are at high risk for fungal infections and tuberculosis, which are also major causes of mortality in this population. Triazole drugs, as first-line agents for invasive fungal infections, can cause fluctuations in the blood levels of immunosuppressants due to drug-drug interactions. Furthermore, the concomitant use of antituberculosis drugs further complicates the balance between maintaining immunosuppression and anti-infective therapy, often presenting a challenge to clinical decision-making. This article discusses the role of the clinical pharmacist in the treatment of a renal transplant recipient who developed concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis and\n                    <jats:italic>aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. By recommending initial regimens, adjusting doses during outpatient follow-ups, and assessing adverse drug reactions, the clinical pharmacist provided systematic pharmaceutical services. This collaboration assisted physicians in developing a personalized treatment plan, ultimately achieving favorable therapeutic outcomes for the patient.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1968738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:45:59Z","timestamp":1790743559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Analysis of antimicrobial therapy and pharmaceutical care of mixed Aspergillus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection following renal transplantation: a case study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Dianjiang People\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Dianjiang People\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2024.10.010","article-title":"European Association of urology 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Organ Transplant"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01159-9","article-title":"Isavuconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive mould disease caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial","volume":"387","author":"Maertens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12751","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12751","article-title":"Drug-drug interactions between triazole antifungal agents used to treat invasive aspergillosis and immunosuppressants metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4","volume":"19","author":"Groll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70298","article-title":"Challenges in optimizing tacrolimus therapy in patients treated with rifampin: a case 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