{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T10:21:38Z","timestamp":1771928498047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med. Technol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This technical note presents a standardized method that integrates intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) with infrared thermography to visualize real-time physiological responses during treatment. One adult male with long-standing type 2 diabetes underwent ten ILIB sessions using a 660\u2005nm transcutaneous laser applied over the left radial artery. Infrared thermography captured temperature changes in abdominal regions associated with metabolic function. Across sessions, an average temperature increase of approximately 2.1\u2005\u00b0C was observed in the hepatic and epigastric areas. Laboratory values showed reductions in fasting glucose (\u221229%) and HbA1c (\u221214%), while C-peptide remained stable. Because this is a single-patient technical demonstration, the findings cannot be interpreted as evidence of efficacy. Instead, the report illustrates the feasibility and potential utility of combining ILIB with thermal imaging for methodological development in future controlled studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmedt.2025.1701628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T06:30:09Z","timestamp":1770100209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infrared imaging and intravascular laser irradiation of blood therapy for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a technical note"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Philype Antonio Calazans","family":"Candido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Medical Thermology Association (ABRATERM), Medical Thermology and Thermography Specialization, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (HCFMUSP)","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Carneiro","family":"Brioschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University","place":["Kent, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos Leal","family":"Brioschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Medical Thermology Association (ABRATERM), Medical Thermology and Thermography Specialization, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (HCFMUSP)","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"American Academy of Thermology (ATT)","place":["Greenville, SC, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen Melchior","family":"Altruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Anhembi Morumbi University (UAM), Brazilian Association of Thermography (ABRATERM )","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203008997.ch48","article-title":"Low-power laser therapy","volume-title":"Biomedical Photonics Handbook","author":"Karu","year":"2003"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1672-7","article-title":"Blue or red: which intravascular laser light has more effects in diabetic patients?","volume":"30","author":"KazemiKhoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R33","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/33\/3\/R33","article-title":"Infrared thermal imaging in medicine","volume":"33","author":"Ring","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460722","DOI":"10.3389\/fphot.2024.1460722","article-title":"Red-light photons on skin cells and the mechanism of photobiomodulation","volume":"5","author":"Herrera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Photonics"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of low-level laser therapy","volume":"291","author":"Karu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1039\/C7PP00312A","article-title":"Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation","volume":"17","author":"Hamblin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medical Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmedt.2025.1701628\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:30:27Z","timestamp":1771925427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmedt.2025.1701628\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":6,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmedt.2025.1701628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmedt.2025.1701628","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-3129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-3129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"article-number":"1701628"}}