{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T13:44:40Z","timestamp":1776001480288,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T15:11:53Z","timestamp":1402585913000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Universal immunity to influenza must outwit immune evasion"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Qui\u00c3\u00b1ones-Parra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyen","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorena E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kedzierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie A.","family":"Valkenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7919","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803903","article-title":"The yellow fever virus vaccine induces a broad and polyfunctional human memory CD8+ T cell response","volume":"183","author":"Akondy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3980","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.10.3980","article-title":"Cellular events in the lymph node and lung of mice with influenza. Consequences of depleting CD4+ T cells","volume":"144","author":"Allan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048322","article-title":"A T cell-inducing influenza vaccine for the elderly: safety and immunogenicity of MVA-NP+M1 in adults aged over 50 years","volume":"7","author":"Antrobus","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb36342.x","article-title":"Cytotoxic T cells in influenza infection","volume":"532","author":"Askonas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12241","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01563-08","article-title":"Immunomic analysis of the repertoire of T-cell specificities for influenza A virus in humans","volume":"82","author":"Assarsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12388","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.23.12388-12393.2002","article-title":"Compromised influenza virus-specific CD8(+)-T-cell memory in CD4(+)-T-cell-deficient mice","volume":"76","author":"Belz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.4.1143","article-title":"Transgenic mice lacking class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cells have delayed viral clearance and increased mortality after influenza virus challenge","volume":"175","author":"Bender","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176ra132","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005191","article-title":"Induction of ICOS+CXCR3+CXCR5+ TH cells correlates with antibody responses to influenza vaccination","volume":"5","author":"Bentebibel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11239","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11239-11246.2005","article-title":"Functional constraints of influenza A virus epitopes limit escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"79","author":"Berkhoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq015","article-title":"Potent CD8+ T-cell immunogenicity in humans of a novel heterosubtypic influenza A vaccine, MVA-NP+M1","volume":"52","author":"Berthoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2904","article-title":"Presumed guilty: natural killer T cell defects and human disease","volume":"11","author":"Berzins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11995","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05213-11","article-title":"Annual vaccination against influenza virus hampers development of virus-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity in children","volume":"85","author":"Bodewes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.020784-0","article-title":"Vaccination with whole inactivated virus vaccine affects the induction of heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus A\/H5N1 and immunodominance of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in mice","volume":"91","author":"Bodewes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.4.2453","article-title":"Recognition of homo- and heterosubtypic variants of influenza A viruses by human CD8+ T lymphocytes","volume":"172","author":"Boon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2012.45","article-title":"Diversity of gammadelta T-cell antigens","volume":"10","author":"Born","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.146.3.673","article-title":"Immunologic recognition of influenza virus-infected cells. II. Expression of influenza A matrix protein on the infected cell surface and its role in recognition by cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells","volume":"146","author":"Braciale","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4168","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4168","article-title":"A novel role for non-neutralizing antibodies against nucleoprotein in facilitating resistance to influenza virus","volume":"181","author":"Carragher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11690","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.24.11690-11696.2000","article-title":"Profound protection against respiratory challenge with a lethal H7N7 influenza A virus by increasing the magnitude of CD8(+) T-cell memory","volume":"74","author":"Christensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2013.102","article-title":"The use of a TLR2 agonist-based adjuvant for enhancing effector and memory CD8 T-cell responses","volume":"92","author":"Chua","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100486","article-title":"Soluble proteins induce strong CD8+ T cell and antibody responses through electrostatic association with simple cationic or anionic lipopeptides that target TLR2","volume":"187","author":"Chua","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095916","article-title":"Broadly neutralizing antiviral antibodies","volume":"31","author":"Corti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41902","article-title":"Heterosubtypic neutralizing antibodies are produced by individuals immunized with a seasonal influenza vaccine","volume":"120","author":"Corti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1205669","article-title":"A neutralizing antibody selected from plasma cells that binds to group 1 and group 2 influenza A hemagglutinins","volume":"333","author":"Corti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-436436","article-title":"Early and nonreversible decrease of CD161++ \/MAIT cells in HIV infection","volume":"121","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3443","article-title":"Broadly neutralizing hemagglutinin stalk-specific antibodies require FcgammaR interactions for protection against influenza virus in vivo","volume":"20","author":"DiLillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12637","article-title":"Antigen-specific B-cell receptor sensitizes B cells to infection by influenza virus","volume":"503","author":"Dougan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222908","article-title":"Highly conserved protective epitopes on influenza B viruses","volume":"337","author":"Dreyfus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-7-1695","article-title":"Influenza virus RNA in the lung and lymphoid tissue of immunologically intact and CD4-depleted mice","volume":"72(pt 7)","author":"Eichelberger","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171491","article-title":"Antibody recognition of a highly conserved influenza virus epitope","volume":"324","author":"Ekiert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204839","article-title":"A highly conserved neutralizing epitope on group 2 influenza A viruses","volume":"333","author":"Ekiert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11414","article-title":"Cross-neutralization of influenza A viruses mediated by a single antibody loop","volume":"489","author":"Ekiert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-44","article-title":"Identification of novel conserved functional motifs across most Influenza A viral strains","volume":"8","author":"Elhefnawi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1086\/498980","article-title":"Prior H1N1 influenza infection and susceptibility of Cleveland Family Study participants during the H2N2 pandemic of 1957: an experiment of nature","volume":"193","author":"Epstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.04.047","article-title":"Protection against multiple influenza A subtypes by vaccination with highly conserved nucleoprotein","volume":"23","author":"Epstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.1.322","article-title":"Mechanism of protective immunity against influenza virus infection in mice without antibodies","volume":"160","author":"Epstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.9.5721-5731.2005","article-title":"Rapid viral escape at an immunodominant simian-human immunodeficiency virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope exacts a dramatic fitness cost","volume":"79","author":"Fernandez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80573-7","article-title":"Virus-specific CD8+ T cells in primary and secondary influenza pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"Flynn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8597","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.15.8597","article-title":"In vivo proliferation of naive and memory influenza-specific CD8(+) T cells","volume":"96","author":"Flynn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00397-07","article-title":"Correlation of cellular immune responses with protection against culture-confirmed influenza virus in young children","volume":"15","author":"Forrest","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"B39a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31535","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031535","article-title":"Severe pandemic H1N1 2009 infection is associated with transient NK and T deficiency and aberrant CD8 responses","volume":"7","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4163","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.7.4163","article-title":"Dose dependence of CTL precursor frequency induced by a DNA vaccine and correlation with protective immunity against influenza virus challenge","volume":"162","author":"Fu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11143","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1830296100","article-title":"Population dynamics of rapid fixation in cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutants of influenza A","volume":"100","author":"Gog","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003615","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003615","article-title":"Group 2 innate lymphoid cell production of IL-5 is regulated by NKT cells during influenza virus infection","volume":"9","author":"Gorski","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B42a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.6.2045","article-title":"Recognition of influenza A matrix protein by HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Use of analogues to orientate the matrix peptide in the HLA-A2 binding site","volume":"168","author":"Gotch","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.12.2063","article-title":"Resistance to and recovery from lethal influenza virus infection in B lymphocyte-deficient mice","volume":"186","author":"Graham","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2012.78","article-title":"Nucleoprotein of influenza A virus is a major target of immunodominant CD8+ T-cell responses","volume":"91","author":"Grant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12599","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007270107","article-title":"Cross-reactive CD8+ T-cell immunity between the pandemic H1N1-2009 and H1N1-1918 influenza A viruses","volume":"107","author":"Gras","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(83)90465-8","article-title":"Preparation of influenza virus subviral particles lacking the HA1 subunit of hemagglutinin: unmasking of cross-reactive HA2 determinants","volume":"126","author":"Graves","year":"1983","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20365","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911580106","article-title":"Pre-existing immunity against swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses in the general human population","volume":"106","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813309106","article-title":"Combined NKT cell activation and influenza virus vaccination boosts memory CTL generation and protective immunity","volume":"106","author":"Guillonneau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200571","article-title":"Multiple redundant effector mechanisms of CD8+ T cells protect against influenza infection","volume":"190","author":"Hamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11756","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01460-06","article-title":"Cellular immune responses in children and adults receiving inactivated or live attenuated influenza vaccines","volume":"80","author":"He","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.048652-0","article-title":"Human T-cells directed to seasonal influenza A virus cross-react with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and swine-origin triple-reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses","volume":"94","author":"Hillaire","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2011.01.004","article-title":"Genetic bases of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of a master donor virus used in live attenuated influenza vaccines: A\/Leningrad\/134\/17\/57 (H2N2)","volume":"412","author":"Isakova-Sivak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13706","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01666-13","article-title":"Standard trivalent influenza virus protein vaccination does not prime antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in macaques","volume":"87","author":"Jegaskanda","year":"2013a","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201574","article-title":"Cross-reactive influenza-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibodies in the absence of neutralizing antibodies","volume":"190","author":"Jegaskanda","year":"2013b","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12202","article-title":"Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines elicit broadly neutralizing H1N1 antibodies","volume":"499","author":"Kanekiyo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.159.2.365","article-title":"Most influenza A virus-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes react with antigenic epitopes associated with internal virus determinants","volume":"159","author":"Kees","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200ra114","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006366","article-title":"Vaccine-induced anti-HA2 antibodies promote virus fusion and enhance influenza virus respiratory disease","volume":"5","author":"Khurana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11605","article-title":"MR1 presents microbial vitamin B metabolites to MAIT cells","volume":"491","author":"Kjer-Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0411184","article-title":"Pivotal Advance: Invariant NKT cells reduce accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in the lungs and decrease immune-pathology during severe influenza A virus infection","volume":"91","author":"Kok","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00641-13","article-title":"H3 stalk-based chimeric hemagglutinin influenza virus constructs protect mice from H7N9 challenge","volume":"88","author":"Krammer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10302","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01336-12","article-title":"Hemagglutinin stalk-reactive antibodies are boosted following sequential infection with seasonal and pandemic H1N1 Influenza virus in mice","volume":"86","author":"Krammer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5161","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02694-07","article-title":"Cross-recognition of avian H5N1 influenza virus by human cytotoxic T lymphocyte populations directed to human influenza A virus","volume":"82","author":"Kreijtz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4331","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003057","article-title":"Contributions of antinucleoprotein IgG to heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus","volume":"186","author":"Lamere","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32460","article-title":"Memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection cross-react with avian influenza A (H5N1) in healthy individuals","volume":"118","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-445429","article-title":"Activation, exhaustion, and persistent decline of the antimicrobial MR1-restricted MAIT-cell population in chronic HIV-1 infection","volume":"121","author":"Leeansyah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2012.70","article-title":"Human Vgamma9Vdelta2-T cells efficiently kill influenza virus-infected lung alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis327","article-title":"Preliminary assessment of the efficacy of a T-cell-based influenza vaccine, MVA-NP+M1, in humans","volume":"55","author":"Lillie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4728","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03509-12","article-title":"H3N2 influenza virus infection induces broadly reactive hemagglutinin stalk antibodies in humans and mice","volume":"87","author":"Margine","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501960102","article-title":"Effector CD8+ T cells recovered from an influenza pneumonia differentiate to a state of focused gene expression","volume":"102","author":"Marshall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63689","article-title":"Memory CD4+ T cells protect against influenza through multiple synergizing mechanisms","volume":"122","author":"McKinstry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92297-3","article-title":"Declining T-cell immunity to influenza, 1977-82","volume":"2","author":"McMichael","year":"1983a","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198307073090103","article-title":"Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to influenza","volume":"309","author":"McMichael","year":"1983b","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.02.020","article-title":"Human effector and memory CD8+ T cell responses to smallpox and yellow fever vaccines","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808652","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines","volume":"361","author":"Monto","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069660","article-title":"Evidence of HIV-1 adaptation to HLA-restricted immune responses at a population level","volume":"296","author":"Moore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00040-9","article-title":"Induction of influenza type A virus-specific resistance by immunization of mice with a synthetic multiple antigenic peptide vaccine that contains ectodomains of matrix protein 2","volume":"21","author":"Mozdzanowska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/13484","article-title":"A universal influenza A vaccine based on the extracellular domain of the M2 protein","volume":"5","author":"Neirynck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.5.2552-2558.1993","article-title":"A common neutralizing epitope conserved between the hemagglutinins of influenza A virus H1 and H2 strains","volume":"67","author":"Okuno","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1011506","article-title":"The human side of influenza","volume":"92","author":"Oshansky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5590","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002348","article-title":"Potential role of invariant NKT cells in the control of pulmonary inflammation and CD8+ T cell response during acute influenza A virus H3N2 pneumonia","volume":"186","author":"Paget","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8816","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.304758","article-title":"Interleukin-22 is produced by invariant natural killer T lymphocytes during influenza A virus infection: potential role in protection against lung epithelial damages","volume":"287","author":"Paget","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/346629a0","article-title":"Viral escape by selection of cytotoxic T cell-resistant virus variants in vivo","volume":"346","author":"Pircher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.2.1030","article-title":"Priming with cold-adapted influenza A does not prevent infection but elicits long-lived protection against supralethal challenge with heterosubtypic virus","volume":"178","author":"Powell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1086\/605413","article-title":"Phosphoantigen-expanded human gammadelta T cells display potent cytotoxicity against monocyte-derived macrophages infected with human and avian influenza viruses","volume":"200","author":"Qin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322229111","article-title":"Preexisting CD8+ T-cell immunity to the H7N9 influenza A virus varies across ethnicities","volume":"111","author":"Quinones-Parra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80867-0","article-title":"Full restoration of viral fitness by multiple compensatory co-mutations in the nucleoprotein of influenza A virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape mutants","volume":"86","author":"Rimmelzwaan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3328","article-title":"Recognition of CD1d-restricted antigens by natural killer T cells","volume":"12","author":"Rossjohn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121517","article-title":"Revealing the role of CD4(+) T cells in viral immunity","volume":"209","author":"Sant","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.4.1114","article-title":"Functional analysis of influenza-specific helper T cell clones in vivo. T cells specific for internal viral proteins provide cognate help for B cell responses to hemagglutinin","volume":"164","author":"Scherle","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3350","article-title":"Cellular immune correlates of protection against symptomatic pandemic influenza","volume":"19","author":"Sridhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00018-10","article-title":"Influenza virus vaccine based on the conserved hemagglutinin stalk domain","volume":"1","author":"Steel","year":"2010","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.128.241","article-title":"Anti-nucleoprotein antibody response in influenza A infection","volume":"128","author":"Sukeno","year":"1979","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1105","article-title":"CD4+ T cells are required for the maintenance, not programming, of memory CD8+ T cells after acute infection","volume":"5","author":"Sun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol"},{"key":"B94","first-page":"417","article-title":"Influenza nucleoprotein-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones are protective in vivo","volume":"58","author":"Taylor","year":"1986","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.1.882-885.1998","article-title":"Clearance of an influenza A virus by CD4+ T cells is inefficient in the absence of B cells","volume":"72","author":"Topham","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5197","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.11.5197","article-title":"CD8+ T cells clear influenza virus by perforin or Fas-dependent processes","volume":"159","author":"Topham","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.2.1288-1291.1996","article-title":"Immune CD4+ T cells promote the clearance of influenza virus from major histocompatibility complex class II -\/- respiratory epithelium","volume":"70","author":"Topham","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B98a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6527","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00519-10","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocytes established by seasonal human influenza cross-react against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus","volume":"84","author":"Tu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110226","article-title":"The aminobisphosphonate pamidronate controls influenza pathogenesis by expanding a gammadelta T cell population in humanized mice","volume":"208","author":"Tu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456302","article-title":"Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein","volume":"259","author":"Ulmer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5648","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.7.5648-5653.1998","article-title":"Protective CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against influenza virus induced by vaccination with nucleoprotein DNA","volume":"72","author":"Ulmer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3663","article-title":"Acute emergence and reversion of influenza A virus quasispecies within CD8(+) T cell antigenic peptides","volume":"4","author":"Valkenburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002544","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/e142f9de-7f30-4759-bda1-a651e86d5ba6","article-title":"Early priming minimizes the age-related immune compromise of CD8 T cell diversity and function","volume":"8","author":"Valkenburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02843-13","article-title":"Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed to seasonal influenza A viruses cross-react with the newly emerging H7N9 virus","volume":"88","author":"Van De Sandt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3384","article-title":"Six-of-the-best: unique contributions of gammadelta T cells to immunology","volume":"13","author":"Vantourout","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/266052a0","article-title":"Early presence of ribonucleoprotein antigen on surface of influenza virus-infected cells","volume":"266","author":"Virelizier","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6800","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.15.6800-6807.2000","article-title":"Antigenic drift in the influenza A virus (H3N2) nucleoprotein and escape from recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"74","author":"Voeten","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811271106","article-title":"HLA class I molecules consistently present internal influenza epitopes","volume":"106","author":"Wahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18979","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013387107","article-title":"Vaccination with a synthetic peptide from the influenza virus hemagglutinin provides protection against distinct viral subtypes","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192517","article-title":"Induction of broadly neutralizing H1N1 influenza antibodies by vaccination","volume":"329","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14216","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111497108","article-title":"Broadly neutralizing human antibody that recognizes the receptor-binding pocket of influenza virus hemagglutinin","volume":"108","author":"Whittle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2612","article-title":"Preexisting influenza-specific CD4+ T cells correlate with disease protection against influenza challenge in humans","volume":"18","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9178","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105624108","article-title":"Systematic identification of immunodominant CD8+ T-cell responses to influenza A virus in HLA-A2 individuals","volume":"108","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1086\/656740","article-title":"The infection attack rate and severity of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in Hong Kong","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/273238a0","article-title":"Transfer of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes protects mice inoculated with influenza virus","volume":"273","author":"Yap","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.6.1785","article-title":"Influenza A virus nucleoprotein is a major target antigen for cross-reactive anti-influenza A virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"82","author":"Yewdell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.126.5.1814","article-title":"Expression of influenza A virus internal antigens on the surface of infected P815 cells","volume":"126","author":"Yewdell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000350","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000350","article-title":"Cross-protective potential of a novel monoclonal antibody directed against antigenic site B of the hemagglutinin of influenza A viruses","volume":"5","author":"Yoshida","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1245OC","article-title":"High levels of virus-specific CD4+ T cells predict severe pandemic influenza A virus infection","volume":"186","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T06:50:19Z","timestamp":1689317419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00285\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"references-count":121,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00285","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]}}}