{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T12:20:37Z","timestamp":1775305237011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T09:37:21Z","timestamp":1444124241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Molecular tools in understanding the evolution of Vibrio cholerae"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Md. Habibur","family":"Rahaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarequl","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita R.","family":"Colwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munirul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00189-12","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae classical biotype strains reveal distinct signatures in Mexico.","volume":"50","author":"Alam","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9917","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323408111","article-title":"Occurrence in Mexico, 1998-2008, of Vibrio cholerae CTX+ El Tor carrying an additional truncated CTX prophage.","volume":"111","author":"Alam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.10.2345-2349.1994","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal.","volume":"32","author":"Albert","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/118.1.25","article-title":"Isolation of nonagglutinable vibrios from an enteritis outbreak in Czechoslovakia.","volume":"118","author":"Aldov\u00e1","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1704.101973","article-title":"Recent clonal origin of cholera in Haiti.","volume":"17","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1011.040682","article-title":"Cholera in Mozambique, variant of Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"10","author":"Ansaruzzaman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.2.230","article-title":"Resolution of recent evolutionary divergence among Escherichia coli from related lineages: the application of pulsed field electrophoresis to molecular epidemiology.","volume":"161","author":"Arbeit","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.01.006","article-title":"Dynamics in genome evolution of Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"23","author":"Banerjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.13.1.126-129.1981","article-title":"Epidemiological usefulness of changes in hemolytic activity of Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor during the seventh pandemic.","volume":"13","author":"Barrett","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"423","article-title":"The global epidemiology of cholera in recent years.","volume":"65","author":"Barua","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9688-9_1","article-title":"History of cholera","author":"Barua","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cholera"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2288","article-title":"A hybrid approach for the automated finishing of bacterial genomes.","volume":"30","author":"Bashir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0602.000206","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae O139 in Calcutta, 1992-1998: incidence, antibiograms, and genotypes.","volume":"6","author":"Basu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF0215283","article-title":"Bacteriophage typing of Vibrio eltor.","volume":"24","author":"Basu","year":"1968","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(95)00083-Q","article-title":"Filippo Pacini: a determined observer.","volume":"38","author":"Bentivoglio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90855-B","article-title":"Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in India and Bangladesh.","volume":"341","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000427","article-title":"Evaluation of VcA VNTR as a strain-typing and phylogeny study method of Vibrio cholerae strains.","volume":"138","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.10.159","article-title":"Genotypic characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolates using several DNA fingerprint techniques.","volume":"6","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06993.x","article-title":"Genesis of the novel epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139 strain: evidence for horizontal transfer of genes involved in polysaccharide synthesis.","volume":"14","author":"Bik","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818364.ch18","article-title":"Historical perspectives on pandemic cholera","author":"Blake","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vibrio cholerae and Cholera: Molecular to Global Perspectives"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00026-07","article-title":"Molecular genetic basis of ribotyping.","volume":"21","author":"Bouchet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.3.1116-1124.1999","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships of pathogenic clones of Vibrio cholerae by sequence analysis of four housekeeping genes.","volume":"67","author":"Byun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.7.1685-1690.1994","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.","volume":"32","author":"Cameron","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.44-49.2000","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a phage typing scheme for Vibrio cholerae O139.","volume":"38","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"e0120311","key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120311","article-title":"Scanning the landscape of genome architecture of non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae by whole genome mapping reveals extensive population genetic diversity.","volume":"10","author":"Chapman","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.6.1579-1585.1993","article-title":"New phage typing scheme for Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strains.","volume":"31","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1012928","article-title":"The origin of the Haitian cholera outbreak strain.","volume":"364","author":"Chin","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15442","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907787106","article-title":"Comparative genomics reveals mechanism for short-term and long-term clonal transitions in pandemic Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"106","author":"Chun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5295.2025","article-title":"Global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm.","volume":"274","author":"Colwell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.407928.x","article-title":"Cloning and sequence of a region encoding a surface polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O139 and characterization of the insertion site in the chromosome of Vibrio cholerae O1.","volume":"19","author":"Comstock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.51","article-title":"Development and validation of a PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping of Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"3","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01895-06","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae strain typing and phylogeny study based on simple sequence repeats.","volume":"45","author":"Danin-Poleg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800058593","article-title":"An epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the Australian environment based on rRNA gene polymorphisms.","volume":"115","author":"Desmarchelier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042667999","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae: genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease.","volume":"99","author":"Dziejman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.5.1304-1313.2002","article-title":"Allelic diversity and population structure in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal based on nucleotide sequence analysis.","volume":"184","author":"Farf\u00e1n","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2013_358","article-title":"Role of phages in the epidemiology of cholera.","volume":"379","author":"Faruque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.3.624-630.1997","article-title":"Emergence of a new clone of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor displacing V. cholerae O139 Bengal in Bangladesh.","volume":"35","author":"Faruque","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998","article-title":"Epidemiology, genetics, and ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"62","author":"Faruque","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308485100","article-title":"Genetic diversity and virulence potential of environmental Vibrio cholerae population in a cholera-endemic area.","volume":"101","author":"Faruque","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22351","article-title":"Phage-bacterial interactions in the evolution of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"3","author":"Faruque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09027.x","article-title":"Genomic diversity among Vibrio cholerae O139 strains isolated in Bangladesh and India between 1992 and 1998.","volume":"184","author":"Faruque","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"B42","first-page":"161","article-title":"A review of recent trends in cholera research and control. With an annex on the isolation and identification of cholera vibrios.","volume":"34","author":"Felsenfeld","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-112-28043","article-title":"Hemagglutination a rapid method for differentiating Vibrio cholerae and El Tor Vibrios.","volume":"112","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1963","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400032265","article-title":"The antigens of the cholera group of vibrios.","volume":"35","author":"Gardner","year":"1935","journal-title":"J. Hyg."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01352.x","article-title":"Epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae using variable number of tandem repeats.","volume":"288","author":"Ghosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.07.023","article-title":"Pulsed field gel electrophoresis: a review of application and interpretation in the molecular epidemiology of infectious disease.","volume":"10","author":"Goering","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.6.1430-1434.1993","article-title":"Typing of group B streptococci: comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and conventional electrophoresis.","volume":"31","author":"Gordillo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00670-13","article-title":"Deciphering the origins and tracking the evolution of cholera epidemics with whole-genome-based molecular epidemiology.","volume":"4","author":"Grad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"B49","first-page":"628","article-title":"The serological investigation and classification of cholera-like vibrios isolated from water in Calcutta.","volume":"3","author":"Greig","year":"1916","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00040-10","article-title":"Genome sequence of hybrid Vibrio cholerae O1 MJ-1236, B-33, and CIRS101 and comparative genomics with V. cholerae.","volume":"192","author":"Grim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0769-2609(86)80105-3","article-title":"Ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene restriction patterns as potential taxonomic tools.","volume":"137B","author":"Grimont","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. Inst. Pasteur Microbiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2012.00332.x","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae in an historically cholera-free country.","volume":"4","author":"Haley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol. Rep."},{"issue":"154","key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-154","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis reveals evidence of two novel Vibrio species closely related to V. cholerae.","volume":"10","author":"Haley","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B54","first-page":"184","article-title":"A new method for the differentiation of Vibrio comma and Vibrio El Tor.","volume":"77","author":"Han","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am. J. Hyg."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2010","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207359109","article-title":"Genomic diversity of 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak strains.","volume":"109","author":"Hasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013825107","article-title":"Comparative genomics of clinical and environmental Vibrio mimicus.","volume":"107","author":"Hasan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/35020000","article-title":"DNA sequence of both chromosomes of the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"406","author":"Heidelberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00157-11","article-title":"Population genetics of Vibrio cholerae from Nepal in 2010: evidence on the origin of the Haitian outbreak.","volume":"2","author":"Hendriksen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.1.140-147.2000","article-title":"Genetic diversity of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting.","volume":"66","author":"Jiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0721","article-title":"Environmental factors influencing epidemic cholera.","volume":"89","author":"Jutla","year":"2013","journal-title":"American J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B61","first-page":"125","article-title":"Outbreak of gastroenteritis by nonagglutinable (NAG) vibrios in the Republic of Sudan.","volume":"46","author":"Kamal","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Publ. Health Assoc."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.48","article-title":"Cholera.","volume":"8","author":"Kaper","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.20.6199-6206.1994","article-title":"Molecular evolution of the seventh-pandemic clone of Vibrio cholerae and its relationship to other pandemic and epidemic V. cholerae isolates.","volume":"176","author":"Karaolis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"e00398-13","key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00398-13","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics of Vibrio cholerae O1 following a single-source introduction to Haiti.","volume":"4","author":"Katz","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.059774-0","article-title":"Towards a taxonomic coherence between average nucleotide identity and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity for species demarcation of prokaryotes.","volume":"64(Pt 2)","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.060145-0","article-title":"Vibrio metoecus sp. nov., a close relative of Vibrio cholerae isolated from coastal brackish ponds and clinical specimens.","volume":"64(Pt 9)","author":"Kirchberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1235.403","article-title":"An address on cholera and its Bacillus.","volume":"2","author":"Koch","year":"1884","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1920","article-title":"The bacterial species definition in the genomic era.","volume":"361","author":"Konstantinidis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.2191-2196.2003","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing has better discriminatory ability for typing Vibrio cholerae than does pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and provides a measure of phylogenetic relatedness.","volume":"41","author":"Kotetishvili","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0000000000000235","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing in clinical and public health microbiology.","volume":"47","author":"Kwong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"82","key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-82","article-title":"Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 7th pandemic Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"12","author":"Lam","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-5-1213","article-title":"Recombination between rRNA operons created most of the ribotype variation observed in the seventh pandemic clone of Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"144(Pt 5)","author":"Lan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiology (Read. Engl.)"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.172-181.2002","article-title":"Pandemic spread of cholera: genetic diversity and relationships within the seventh pandemic clone of Vibrio cholerae determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism.","volume":"40","author":"Lan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-015-0433-4","article-title":"Insights from 20 years of bacterial genome sequencing.","volume":"15","author":"Land","year":"2015","journal-title":"Funct. Integr. Genomics"},{"issue":"20","key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1944-3277-9-20","article-title":"Quality scores for 32,000 genomes.","volume":"9","author":"Land","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stand. Genomic Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02090.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a RAPD-based typing scheme in a molecular epidemiology study of Vibrio cholerae O1, Brazil.","volume":"96","author":"Leal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46287-0","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates from Mozambique that harbour the classical CTX prophage.","volume":"55(Pt 2)","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.1.235-237.1994","article-title":"Modified CAMP test for biogrouping Vibrio cholerae O1 strains and distinguishing them from strains of V. cholerae non-O1.","volume":"32","author":"Lesmana","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.12.2975-2979.1994","article-title":"Molecular epidemiologic analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.","volume":"32","author":"Mahalingam","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3140","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms.","volume":"95","author":"Maiden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(93)90194-7","article-title":"Factors affecting reproducibility of random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting.","volume":"144","author":"Meunier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1806.111774","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of geographically dispersed Vibrio cholerae, Kenya, January 2009-May 2010.","volume":"18","author":"Mohamed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(96)10086-X","article-title":"The evolution of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains.","volume":"5","author":"Mooi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-5-393","article-title":"FAFLP: last word in microbial genotyping?","volume":"50","author":"Mortimer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.16.4737-4746.2001","article-title":"Characterization of VPI pathogenicity island and CTXphi prophage in environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"183","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1574-1585.2003","article-title":"Harmonization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for epidemiological typing of strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a single approach developed by consensus in 10 European laboratories and its application for tracing the spre.","volume":"41","author":"Murchan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10392","article-title":"Evidence for several waves of global transmission in the seventh cholera pandemic.","volume":"477","author":"Mutreja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3296","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3296-3299.2002","article-title":"New variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor with attributes of the classical biotype from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Bangladesh.","volume":"40","author":"Nair","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4211","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01304-06","article-title":"Cholera due to altered El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh.","volume":"44","author":"Nair","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1021\/ac2010857","article-title":"Landscape of next-generation sequencing technologies.","volume":"83","author":"Niedringhaus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2009.06.011","article-title":"Evaluation of a highly discriminating multiplex multi-locus variable-number of tandem-repeats (MLVA) analysis for Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"78","author":"Olsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B92","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Cholera.","volume":"58","author":"Pollitzer","year":"1959","journal-title":"Monogr. Ser. World Health Organ."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.9.2474-2482.1993","article-title":"Epidemiologic application of a standardized ribotype scheme for Vibrio cholerae O1.","volume":"31","author":"Popovic","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-5-392","article-title":"A molecular and phenotypic study of Vibrio cholerae in Iran.","volume":"51","author":"Pourshafie","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-12-1085","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from infected patients in Teheran, Iran.","volume":"49","author":"Pourshafie","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(91)90270-I","article-title":"Pulsed field gel electrophoresis as a new epidemiological tool for monitoring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit.","volume":"17","author":"Pr\u00e9vost","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.130796","article-title":"Genetic variation of Vibrio cholerae during outbreaks, Bangladesh, 2010-2011.","volume":"20","author":"Rashed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1501.080543","article-title":"Classical ctxB in Vibrio cholerae O1, Kolkata, India.","volume":"15","author":"Raychoudhuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011714","article-title":"Cholera in the 1990s.","volume":"54","author":"Reeves","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1711.110794","article-title":"Comparative genomics of Vibrio cholerae from Haiti, Asia, and Africa.","volume":"17","author":"Reimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2014_366","article-title":"Genomic science in understanding cholera outbreaks and evolution of Vibrio cholerae as a human pathogen.","volume":"379","author":"Robins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"20380","key":"B102","article-title":"Overview of molecular typing methods for outbreak detection and epidemiological surveillance.","volume":"18","author":"Sabat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15328-7","article-title":"Cholera.","volume":"363","author":"Sack","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2009.10.003","article-title":"Evolution of new variants of Vibrio cholerae O1.","volume":"18","author":"Safa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.30.279","article-title":"Serovars of Vibrio cholerae identified during 1970-1975.","volume":"30","author":"Sakazaki","year":"1977","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211116","article-title":"Ordered restriction maps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes constructed by optical mapping.","volume":"262","author":"Schwartz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.4.897-900.1996","article-title":"Vitek system antimicrobial susceptibility testing of O1, O139, and non-O1 Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"34","author":"Sciortino","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5796","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.12.5796-5803.2002","article-title":"Microbial source tracking: current methodology and future directions.","volume":"68","author":"Scott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.513","article-title":"New insights on the emergence of cholera in Latin America during 1991: the Peruvian experience.","volume":"62","author":"Seas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1996.d01-54.x","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae O139: how great is the threat of a pandemic?","volume":"1","author":"Siddique","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.3.1.87","article-title":"Application of DNA-based methods in typing Vibrio cholerae strains.","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.10.1.85-90.1979","article-title":"Serotyping of non-cholera vibrios.","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B113","author":"Snow","year":"1855","journal-title":"On the Mode of Communication of Cholera (Google eBook), John Churchill."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1405.071116","article-title":"Seasonal cholera from multiple small outbreaks, rural Bangladesh.","volume":"14","author":"Stine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2013_360","article-title":"Circulation and transmission of clones of Vibrio cholerae during cholera outbreaks.","volume":"379","author":"Stine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1996.tb00193.x","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for appropriate use and evaluation of microbial epidemiologic typing systems.","volume":"2","author":"Struelens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017303","article-title":"PulseNet: the molecular subtyping network for foodborne bacterial disease surveillance, United States.","volume":"7","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.14.2.222-224.1981","article-title":"FK phage for differentiating the classical and El T or groups of Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"14","author":"Takeya","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"817190","key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/817190","article-title":"Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of Vibrio cholerae in comparison with pulsed field gel electrophoresis and virulotyping.","volume":"2010","author":"Teh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.005","article-title":"Genetic variation analysis of Vibrio cholerae using multilocus sequencing typing and multi-virulence locus sequencing typing.","volume":"11","author":"Teh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.2307\/30141252","article-title":"How to select and interpret molecular strain typing methods for epidemiological studies of bacterial infections: a review for healthcare epidemiologists. molecular typing working group of the society for healthcare epidemiology of America.","volume":"18","author":"Tenover","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995","article-title":"Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing.","volume":"33","author":"Tenover","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13950","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506758102","article-title":"Genome analysis of multiple pathogenic isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae: implications for the microbial \u201cpan-genome.\u201d","volume":"102","author":"Tettelin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.68.3.403-431.2004","article-title":"Biodiversity of vibrios.","volume":"68","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14464","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14464","article-title":"The Vibrio cholerae genome contains two unique circular chromosomes.","volume":"95","author":"Trucksis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01786.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology.","volume":"13(Suppl. 3)","author":"van Belkum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B127","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Variable tandem repeat VcA of Vibrio cholerae.","volume":"36","author":"Vodop\u2019ianov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.21.4407","article-title":"AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting.","volume":"23","author":"Vos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4157","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.14.4157-4165.1996","article-title":"A new type of conjugative transposon encodes resistance to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and streptomycin in Vibrio cholerae O139.","volume":"178","author":"Waldor","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7213","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.24.7213","article-title":"Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers.","volume":"18","author":"Welsh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6531","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.22.6531","article-title":"DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers.","volume":"18","author":"Williams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01296.x","article-title":"Physical and genetic map of the genome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: presence of two chromosomes in Vibrio species.","volume":"31","author":"Yamaichi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00415-3","article-title":"Amino acids of the cholera toxin from Vibrio cholerae O37 strain S7 which differ from those of strain O1.","volume":"163","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gene"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T18:25:07Z","timestamp":1653243907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01040\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"references-count":133,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]}}}